Critical care services in Bagmati province of Nepal: A cross sectional survey [version 4; peer review: 4 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
Background This study aimed to assess the current status of critical care services in 13 districts of Bagmati Province in Nepal, with a focus on access, infrastructure, human resources, and intensive care unit (ICU) services. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers em...
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Wellcome
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Wellcome Open Research |
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| Online Access: | https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/8-575/v4 |
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| author | Subekshya Luitel Sushila Paudel Diptesh Aryal Janaki Pandey Hem Raj Paneru Roshni Shakya Prashant Acharya Isha Amatya Rashan Haniffa Suman Pant Abi Beane Pradip Gyanwali |
| author_facet | Subekshya Luitel Sushila Paudel Diptesh Aryal Janaki Pandey Hem Raj Paneru Roshni Shakya Prashant Acharya Isha Amatya Rashan Haniffa Suman Pant Abi Beane Pradip Gyanwali |
| author_sort | Subekshya Luitel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background This study aimed to assess the current status of critical care services in 13 districts of Bagmati Province in Nepal, with a focus on access, infrastructure, human resources, and intensive care unit (ICU) services. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers employed in 87 hospitals having medical/surgical ICUs across Bagmati Province. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered via face-to-face and telephone survey. Descriptive analysis was used for data analysis, involving frequencies and percentages. Results From 87 hospitals, a total of 123 ICUs were identified in the province, providing 1167 beds and 615 functioning ventilators. The average ICU bed availability per 100,000 population was 19, ranging from 3.6 in Makwanpur to 33.9 in Kathmandu. Out of 13 districts, 95% of beds were concentrated in just four districts, while six had no ICU facilities. Of the available facilities, 69.9% were owned by private entities. One-to-one nurse-to-ventilated bed ratio was maintained by 63.4% of ICUs during daytime, and 62.6% at nighttime. Furthermore, 74.8% of ICUs had consultants trained in critical care medicine. While essential equipment availability was higher in Bagmati province, gaps existed in the availability of oxygen plants and isolation rooms. Similarly, many ICUs offered continuous medical education and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, but improvements were necessary in clinical audits, antibiotic stewardship programs, and research engagement. Conclusions Disparities in critical care resources were evident across districts in Bagmati Province, highlighting the need for a balanced and decentralized approach to ensure equitable access to care. Although there were disparities, numerous ICUs were effectively carrying out multiple critical care procedures. This study suggests conducting a nationwide mapping of ICU resources, prioritizing infrastructure development, optimizing resource allocation, and establishing national protocols. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0afd37371f5242f1a997a5e2abda6136 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2398-502X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wellcome |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Wellcome Open Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-0afd37371f5242f1a997a5e2abda61362025-01-14T01:00:00ZengWellcomeWellcome Open Research2398-502X2025-01-01826015Critical care services in Bagmati province of Nepal: A cross sectional survey [version 4; peer review: 4 approved, 2 approved with reservations]Subekshya Luitel0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0423-8926Sushila Paudel1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4824-8625Diptesh Aryal2Janaki Pandey3Hem Raj Paneru4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-5388Roshni Shakya5Prashant Acharya6https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2438-9139Isha Amatya7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-8275Rashan Haniffa8Suman Pant9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-7095Abi Beane10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7046-1580Pradip Gyanwali11Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, NepalNepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, NepalNepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, NepalNepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, NepalNepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, NepalNepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, NepalNepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, NepalNepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, NepalMahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandNepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, NepalMahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandNepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, NepalBackground This study aimed to assess the current status of critical care services in 13 districts of Bagmati Province in Nepal, with a focus on access, infrastructure, human resources, and intensive care unit (ICU) services. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers employed in 87 hospitals having medical/surgical ICUs across Bagmati Province. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered via face-to-face and telephone survey. Descriptive analysis was used for data analysis, involving frequencies and percentages. Results From 87 hospitals, a total of 123 ICUs were identified in the province, providing 1167 beds and 615 functioning ventilators. The average ICU bed availability per 100,000 population was 19, ranging from 3.6 in Makwanpur to 33.9 in Kathmandu. Out of 13 districts, 95% of beds were concentrated in just four districts, while six had no ICU facilities. Of the available facilities, 69.9% were owned by private entities. One-to-one nurse-to-ventilated bed ratio was maintained by 63.4% of ICUs during daytime, and 62.6% at nighttime. Furthermore, 74.8% of ICUs had consultants trained in critical care medicine. While essential equipment availability was higher in Bagmati province, gaps existed in the availability of oxygen plants and isolation rooms. Similarly, many ICUs offered continuous medical education and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, but improvements were necessary in clinical audits, antibiotic stewardship programs, and research engagement. Conclusions Disparities in critical care resources were evident across districts in Bagmati Province, highlighting the need for a balanced and decentralized approach to ensure equitable access to care. Although there were disparities, numerous ICUs were effectively carrying out multiple critical care procedures. This study suggests conducting a nationwide mapping of ICU resources, prioritizing infrastructure development, optimizing resource allocation, and establishing national protocols.https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/8-575/v4intensive care unit (ICU) high dependency unit critical care services critical care resources critical care structure critical care staffingeng |
| spellingShingle | Subekshya Luitel Sushila Paudel Diptesh Aryal Janaki Pandey Hem Raj Paneru Roshni Shakya Prashant Acharya Isha Amatya Rashan Haniffa Suman Pant Abi Beane Pradip Gyanwali Critical care services in Bagmati province of Nepal: A cross sectional survey [version 4; peer review: 4 approved, 2 approved with reservations] Wellcome Open Research intensive care unit (ICU) high dependency unit critical care services critical care resources critical care structure critical care staffing eng |
| title | Critical care services in Bagmati province of Nepal: A cross sectional survey [version 4; peer review: 4 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full | Critical care services in Bagmati province of Nepal: A cross sectional survey [version 4; peer review: 4 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_fullStr | Critical care services in Bagmati province of Nepal: A cross sectional survey [version 4; peer review: 4 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Critical care services in Bagmati province of Nepal: A cross sectional survey [version 4; peer review: 4 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_short | Critical care services in Bagmati province of Nepal: A cross sectional survey [version 4; peer review: 4 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_sort | critical care services in bagmati province of nepal a cross sectional survey version 4 peer review 4 approved 2 approved with reservations |
| topic | intensive care unit (ICU) high dependency unit critical care services critical care resources critical care structure critical care staffing eng |
| url | https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/8-575/v4 |
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