Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with positive direct antiglobulin test attended at a university hospital in Goias, Brazil

Objective: To clinically and laboratory characterize patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) treated at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Goiás (HC-UFG). Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out collecting data from medical rec...

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Main Authors: Isadora Cristina Mendes, Pâmela Cristina Gomes Farias de Assis, Raíssa Santos de Almeida, Luma Romeiro Rodrigues de Sousa, Lilian Carla Carneiro, Rosália Santos Amorim Jesuino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2531137924002426
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author Isadora Cristina Mendes
Pâmela Cristina Gomes Farias de Assis
Raíssa Santos de Almeida
Luma Romeiro Rodrigues de Sousa
Lilian Carla Carneiro
Rosália Santos Amorim Jesuino
author_facet Isadora Cristina Mendes
Pâmela Cristina Gomes Farias de Assis
Raíssa Santos de Almeida
Luma Romeiro Rodrigues de Sousa
Lilian Carla Carneiro
Rosália Santos Amorim Jesuino
author_sort Isadora Cristina Mendes
collection DOAJ
description Objective: To clinically and laboratory characterize patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) treated at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Goiás (HC-UFG). Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out collecting data from medical records of patients with a positive DAT who were treated at HC-UFG between August 2021 and August 2022. Results: Eighty-four patients with positive polyspecific DAT results were screened in the clinical laboratory. Fifty-four patients had a laboratory profile compatible with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), however, among these, 16 patients already had a diagnosis of AIHA in their medical records. The most common symptoms present among AIHA patients were pallor, asthenia, fatigue and dyspnea. For the remaining patients, the most common symptoms were severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, renal dysfunction, fever, myalgia, headache, thrombosis, asthenia, hematuria and joint pain. Only one patient had primary AIHA, that is, he had no evident underlying disease. The majority of AIHA patients (75 %) underwent corticosteroid therapy with 60 % having a positive response. For patients without AIHA, prednisone was the most frequently prescribed medication in 17 (25 %) patients, followed by hydroxychloroquine (14 patients - 20.1 %). Conclusion: It is essential to evaluate patients with positive DAT in detail in order to understand the real clinical case. The DAT serological result alone does not arrive at a conclusive diagnosis of AIHA, and so it must be evaluated in conjunction with both clinical data and other laboratory tests, such as hemoglobin concentration and hemolysis tests (reticulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase and/or haptoglobin).
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2024-11-01
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series Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy
spelling doaj-art-0ac82b8322bf4df496d579c7d9dda49d2024-12-01T05:07:45ZengElsevierHematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy2531-13792024-11-0146S65S71Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with positive direct antiglobulin test attended at a university hospital in Goias, BrazilIsadora Cristina Mendes0Pâmela Cristina Gomes Farias de Assis1Raíssa Santos de Almeida2Luma Romeiro Rodrigues de Sousa3Lilian Carla Carneiro4Rosália Santos Amorim Jesuino5Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Corresponding author at: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, BrazilObjective: To clinically and laboratory characterize patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) treated at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Goiás (HC-UFG). Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out collecting data from medical records of patients with a positive DAT who were treated at HC-UFG between August 2021 and August 2022. Results: Eighty-four patients with positive polyspecific DAT results were screened in the clinical laboratory. Fifty-four patients had a laboratory profile compatible with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), however, among these, 16 patients already had a diagnosis of AIHA in their medical records. The most common symptoms present among AIHA patients were pallor, asthenia, fatigue and dyspnea. For the remaining patients, the most common symptoms were severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, renal dysfunction, fever, myalgia, headache, thrombosis, asthenia, hematuria and joint pain. Only one patient had primary AIHA, that is, he had no evident underlying disease. The majority of AIHA patients (75 %) underwent corticosteroid therapy with 60 % having a positive response. For patients without AIHA, prednisone was the most frequently prescribed medication in 17 (25 %) patients, followed by hydroxychloroquine (14 patients - 20.1 %). Conclusion: It is essential to evaluate patients with positive DAT in detail in order to understand the real clinical case. The DAT serological result alone does not arrive at a conclusive diagnosis of AIHA, and so it must be evaluated in conjunction with both clinical data and other laboratory tests, such as hemoglobin concentration and hemolysis tests (reticulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase and/or haptoglobin).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2531137924002426Autoimmune hemolytic anemiaImmunohematologyDirect antiglobulin test
spellingShingle Isadora Cristina Mendes
Pâmela Cristina Gomes Farias de Assis
Raíssa Santos de Almeida
Luma Romeiro Rodrigues de Sousa
Lilian Carla Carneiro
Rosália Santos Amorim Jesuino
Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with positive direct antiglobulin test attended at a university hospital in Goias, Brazil
Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Immunohematology
Direct antiglobulin test
title Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with positive direct antiglobulin test attended at a university hospital in Goias, Brazil
title_full Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with positive direct antiglobulin test attended at a university hospital in Goias, Brazil
title_fullStr Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with positive direct antiglobulin test attended at a university hospital in Goias, Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with positive direct antiglobulin test attended at a university hospital in Goias, Brazil
title_short Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with positive direct antiglobulin test attended at a university hospital in Goias, Brazil
title_sort clinical and laboratory profile of patients with positive direct antiglobulin test attended at a university hospital in goias brazil
topic Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Immunohematology
Direct antiglobulin test
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2531137924002426
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