Efficacy of Indigenous Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Controlling the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>

The growing reliance on chemical pesticides in agriculture has raised significant concerns about their environmental and health impacts. This study investigates the potential of Indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), specifically <i>Steinernema pakistanense</i> and <i>Hetero...

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Main Authors: Salma Javed, Sajjad Ali, Connor J. Goldy, Bushra Nawab, Anil Baniya, Adler R. Dillman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Insects
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/3/272
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author Salma Javed
Sajjad Ali
Connor J. Goldy
Bushra Nawab
Anil Baniya
Adler R. Dillman
author_facet Salma Javed
Sajjad Ali
Connor J. Goldy
Bushra Nawab
Anil Baniya
Adler R. Dillman
author_sort Salma Javed
collection DOAJ
description The growing reliance on chemical pesticides in agriculture has raised significant concerns about their environmental and health impacts. This study investigates the potential of Indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), specifically <i>Steinernema pakistanense</i> and <i>Heterorhabditis indica</i>, as biological control agents for <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>, the brinjal fruit and shoot borer, a major pest in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. A comprehensive soil sampling was carried out across 30 locations. Molecular identification via PCR and sequencing confirmed the taxonomic classification of the isolated strains, showing high genetic similarity to known EPN species. The reproductive potential of the isolated strains varied, with Pak.S.SA.22 exhibiting the highest fecundity, averaging 91,944 offspring per larva, indicating strong biocontrol potential. Laboratory bioassays at different concentrations showed that Pak.S.SA.22 achieved 100% mortality of <i>L. orbonalis</i> at a concentration of 200 IJs/mL, confirming its effectiveness. Field trials further validated these findings, demonstrating up to 90% pest control efficacy over multiple application intervals, highlighting the practical applicability of this strain in field conditions. These results advocate for the inclusion of indigenous EPNs in integrated pest management (IPM) programs as a sustainable, environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, contributing to the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices.
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spelling doaj-art-0ab5a3f78e5546558bbb4a5f62d929f92025-08-20T03:43:34ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-03-0116327210.3390/insects16030272Efficacy of Indigenous Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Controlling the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>Salma Javed0Sajjad Ali1Connor J. Goldy2Bushra Nawab3Anil Baniya4Adler R. Dillman5National Nematological Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanNational Nematological Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanDepartment of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USAPakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Council, Karachi 75280, PakistanDepartment of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USADepartment of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USAThe growing reliance on chemical pesticides in agriculture has raised significant concerns about their environmental and health impacts. This study investigates the potential of Indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), specifically <i>Steinernema pakistanense</i> and <i>Heterorhabditis indica</i>, as biological control agents for <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>, the brinjal fruit and shoot borer, a major pest in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. A comprehensive soil sampling was carried out across 30 locations. Molecular identification via PCR and sequencing confirmed the taxonomic classification of the isolated strains, showing high genetic similarity to known EPN species. The reproductive potential of the isolated strains varied, with Pak.S.SA.22 exhibiting the highest fecundity, averaging 91,944 offspring per larva, indicating strong biocontrol potential. Laboratory bioassays at different concentrations showed that Pak.S.SA.22 achieved 100% mortality of <i>L. orbonalis</i> at a concentration of 200 IJs/mL, confirming its effectiveness. Field trials further validated these findings, demonstrating up to 90% pest control efficacy over multiple application intervals, highlighting the practical applicability of this strain in field conditions. These results advocate for the inclusion of indigenous EPNs in integrated pest management (IPM) programs as a sustainable, environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, contributing to the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/3/272<i>Steinernema pakistanense</i><i>Heterorhabditis indica</i>biological control<i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>PCR sequencingfield trials
spellingShingle Salma Javed
Sajjad Ali
Connor J. Goldy
Bushra Nawab
Anil Baniya
Adler R. Dillman
Efficacy of Indigenous Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Controlling the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>
Insects
<i>Steinernema pakistanense</i>
<i>Heterorhabditis indica</i>
biological control
<i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>
PCR sequencing
field trials
title Efficacy of Indigenous Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Controlling the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>
title_full Efficacy of Indigenous Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Controlling the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>
title_fullStr Efficacy of Indigenous Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Controlling the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of Indigenous Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Controlling the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>
title_short Efficacy of Indigenous Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Controlling the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer <i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>
title_sort efficacy of indigenous strains of entomopathogenic nematodes in controlling the eggplant fruit and shoot borer i leucinodes orbonalis i
topic <i>Steinernema pakistanense</i>
<i>Heterorhabditis indica</i>
biological control
<i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>
PCR sequencing
field trials
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/3/272
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