Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0<i>νββ</i> Experiments
Neutrinoless double beta decay (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mi>ν</mi><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></m...
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| author | Dwaipayan Ray Robert Collister Hussain Rasiwala Lucas Backes Ali V. Balbuena Thomas Brunner Iroise Casandjian Chris Chambers Megan Cvitan Tim Daniels Jens Dilling Ryan Elmansali William Fairbank Daniel Fudenberg Razvan Gornea Giorgio Gratta Alec Iverson Anna A. Kwiatkowski Kyle G. Leach Annika Lennarz Zepeng Li Melissa Medina-Peregrina Kevin Murray Kevin O’Sullivan Regan Ross Raad Shaikh Xiao Shang Joseph Soderstrom Victor Varentsov Liang Yang |
| author_facet | Dwaipayan Ray Robert Collister Hussain Rasiwala Lucas Backes Ali V. Balbuena Thomas Brunner Iroise Casandjian Chris Chambers Megan Cvitan Tim Daniels Jens Dilling Ryan Elmansali William Fairbank Daniel Fudenberg Razvan Gornea Giorgio Gratta Alec Iverson Anna A. Kwiatkowski Kyle G. Leach Annika Lennarz Zepeng Li Melissa Medina-Peregrina Kevin Murray Kevin O’Sullivan Regan Ross Raad Shaikh Xiao Shang Joseph Soderstrom Victor Varentsov Liang Yang |
| author_sort | Dwaipayan Ray |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neutrinoless double beta decay (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mi>ν</mi><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) provides a way to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The upcoming nEXO experiment will search for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mi>ν</mi><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> decay in <sup>136</sup>Xe with a projected half-life sensitivity exceeding <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>28</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> years at the 90% confidence level using a liquid xenon (LXe) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 5 tonnes of Xe enriched to ∼90% in the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-decaying isotope <sup>136</sup>Xe. In parallel, a potential future upgrade to nEXO is being investigated with the aim to further suppress radioactive backgrounds and to confirm <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-decay events. This technique, known as Ba-tagging, comprises extracting and identifying the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-decay daughter <sup>136</sup>Ba ion. One tagging approach being pursued involves extracting a small volume of LXe in the vicinity of a potential <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-decay using a capillary tube and facilitating a liquid-to-gas phase transition by heating the capillary exit. The Ba ion is then separated from the accompanying Xe gas using a radio-frequency (RF) carpet and RF funnel, conclusively identifying the ion as <sup>136</sup>Ba via laser-fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, an accelerator-driven Ba ion source is being developed to validate and optimize this technique. The motivation for the project, the development of the different aspects, along with the current status and results, are discussed here. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0aa18064a0dd401093a1c746c8ac63cf2024-12-27T14:10:11ZengMDPI AGAtoms2218-20042024-12-0112127110.3390/atoms12120071Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0<i>νββ</i> ExperimentsDwaipayan Ray0Robert Collister1Hussain Rasiwala2Lucas Backes3Ali V. Balbuena4Thomas Brunner5Iroise Casandjian6Chris Chambers7Megan Cvitan8Tim Daniels9Jens Dilling10Ryan Elmansali11William Fairbank12Daniel Fudenberg13Razvan Gornea14Giorgio Gratta15Alec Iverson16Anna A. Kwiatkowski17Kyle G. Leach18Annika Lennarz19Zepeng Li20Melissa Medina-Peregrina21Kevin Murray22Kevin O’Sullivan23Regan Ross24Raad Shaikh25Xiao Shang26Joseph Soderstrom27Victor Varentsov28Liang Yang29TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, CanadaDepartment of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaPhysics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, CanadaTRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USATRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, CanadaTRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, CanadaTRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, CanadaTRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, CanadaDepartment of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaPhysics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAPhysics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USADepartment of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaPhysics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAPhysics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USATRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, CanadaDepartment of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USATRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, CanadaDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USADepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USAPhysics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, CanadaPhysics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAPhysics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, CanadaDepartment of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaPhysics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, CanadaPhysics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAFacility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (FAIR GmbH), 64291 Darmstadt, GermanyDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USANeutrinoless double beta decay (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mi>ν</mi><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) provides a way to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The upcoming nEXO experiment will search for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mi>ν</mi><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> decay in <sup>136</sup>Xe with a projected half-life sensitivity exceeding <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>28</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> years at the 90% confidence level using a liquid xenon (LXe) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 5 tonnes of Xe enriched to ∼90% in the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-decaying isotope <sup>136</sup>Xe. In parallel, a potential future upgrade to nEXO is being investigated with the aim to further suppress radioactive backgrounds and to confirm <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-decay events. This technique, known as Ba-tagging, comprises extracting and identifying the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-decay daughter <sup>136</sup>Ba ion. One tagging approach being pursued involves extracting a small volume of LXe in the vicinity of a potential <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-decay using a capillary tube and facilitating a liquid-to-gas phase transition by heating the capillary exit. The Ba ion is then separated from the accompanying Xe gas using a radio-frequency (RF) carpet and RF funnel, conclusively identifying the ion as <sup>136</sup>Ba via laser-fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, an accelerator-driven Ba ion source is being developed to validate and optimize this technique. The motivation for the project, the development of the different aspects, along with the current status and results, are discussed here.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/12/12/71Ba-taggingneutrinoless double beta decaynEXO upgradelinear Paul traplaser-fluorescence spectroscopymulti-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Dwaipayan Ray Robert Collister Hussain Rasiwala Lucas Backes Ali V. Balbuena Thomas Brunner Iroise Casandjian Chris Chambers Megan Cvitan Tim Daniels Jens Dilling Ryan Elmansali William Fairbank Daniel Fudenberg Razvan Gornea Giorgio Gratta Alec Iverson Anna A. Kwiatkowski Kyle G. Leach Annika Lennarz Zepeng Li Melissa Medina-Peregrina Kevin Murray Kevin O’Sullivan Regan Ross Raad Shaikh Xiao Shang Joseph Soderstrom Victor Varentsov Liang Yang Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0<i>νββ</i> Experiments Atoms Ba-tagging neutrinoless double beta decay nEXO upgrade linear Paul trap laser-fluorescence spectroscopy multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
| title | Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0<i>νββ</i> Experiments |
| title_full | Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0<i>νββ</i> Experiments |
| title_fullStr | Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0<i>νββ</i> Experiments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0<i>νββ</i> Experiments |
| title_short | Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0<i>νββ</i> Experiments |
| title_sort | ion manipulation from liquid xe to vacuum ba tagging for a nexo upgrade and future 0 i νββ i experiments |
| topic | Ba-tagging neutrinoless double beta decay nEXO upgrade linear Paul trap laser-fluorescence spectroscopy multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/12/12/71 |
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