Influence of different processing conditions on phenolic profile, antioxidant, and anti-cholinesterase activities of spinach, and mustard leaves

The effect of domestic cooking techniques such as boiling, frying, microwaving, and freezing on the phenolic profile of spinach, and mustard was studied using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Nitric oxide, superoxide anion scavenging activity, and anti-ch...

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Main Authors: Arif Mehmood, Alam Zeb, Muhammad Ayaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:CyTA - Journal of Food
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19476337.2024.2384599
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author Arif Mehmood
Alam Zeb
Muhammad Ayaz
author_facet Arif Mehmood
Alam Zeb
Muhammad Ayaz
author_sort Arif Mehmood
collection DOAJ
description The effect of domestic cooking techniques such as boiling, frying, microwaving, and freezing on the phenolic profile of spinach, and mustard was studied using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Nitric oxide, superoxide anion scavenging activity, and anti-choline esterase activity were studied using spectroscopic methods. Results showed 12 phenolic compounds in spinach and 13 in mustard leaves. Microwaving significantly enhanced the amounts of most of the phenolic compounds. Conversely, boiling has an enervating effect on the amounts of phenolic compounds. Raw spinach and mustard leaves have the highest nitric oxide inhibition activities of 42.4 and 62.7%, respectively, followed by microwaving and freezing. Similarly, the highest % superoxide anion scavenging activity was determined in raw spinach and mustard. The applied cooking techniques had deleterious effects on anti-cholinesterase activities. In conclusion, different processing conditions affected phenolic availability, and the antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities of the selected vegetable leaves.
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series CyTA - Journal of Food
spelling doaj-art-0a896cbfb3d944a3b184f51bb72b195f2024-12-18T13:34:51ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCyTA - Journal of Food1947-63371947-63452024-12-0122110.1080/19476337.2024.2384599Influence of different processing conditions on phenolic profile, antioxidant, and anti-cholinesterase activities of spinach, and mustard leavesArif Mehmood0Alam Zeb1Muhammad Ayaz2Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, PakistanThe effect of domestic cooking techniques such as boiling, frying, microwaving, and freezing on the phenolic profile of spinach, and mustard was studied using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Nitric oxide, superoxide anion scavenging activity, and anti-choline esterase activity were studied using spectroscopic methods. Results showed 12 phenolic compounds in spinach and 13 in mustard leaves. Microwaving significantly enhanced the amounts of most of the phenolic compounds. Conversely, boiling has an enervating effect on the amounts of phenolic compounds. Raw spinach and mustard leaves have the highest nitric oxide inhibition activities of 42.4 and 62.7%, respectively, followed by microwaving and freezing. Similarly, the highest % superoxide anion scavenging activity was determined in raw spinach and mustard. The applied cooking techniques had deleterious effects on anti-cholinesterase activities. In conclusion, different processing conditions affected phenolic availability, and the antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities of the selected vegetable leaves.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19476337.2024.2384599Spinachmustardphenolic compoundscooking techniquesantioxidant activitiesanti-choline esterase activity
spellingShingle Arif Mehmood
Alam Zeb
Muhammad Ayaz
Influence of different processing conditions on phenolic profile, antioxidant, and anti-cholinesterase activities of spinach, and mustard leaves
CyTA - Journal of Food
Spinach
mustard
phenolic compounds
cooking techniques
antioxidant activities
anti-choline esterase activity
title Influence of different processing conditions on phenolic profile, antioxidant, and anti-cholinesterase activities of spinach, and mustard leaves
title_full Influence of different processing conditions on phenolic profile, antioxidant, and anti-cholinesterase activities of spinach, and mustard leaves
title_fullStr Influence of different processing conditions on phenolic profile, antioxidant, and anti-cholinesterase activities of spinach, and mustard leaves
title_full_unstemmed Influence of different processing conditions on phenolic profile, antioxidant, and anti-cholinesterase activities of spinach, and mustard leaves
title_short Influence of different processing conditions on phenolic profile, antioxidant, and anti-cholinesterase activities of spinach, and mustard leaves
title_sort influence of different processing conditions on phenolic profile antioxidant and anti cholinesterase activities of spinach and mustard leaves
topic Spinach
mustard
phenolic compounds
cooking techniques
antioxidant activities
anti-choline esterase activity
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19476337.2024.2384599
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AT alamzeb influenceofdifferentprocessingconditionsonphenolicprofileantioxidantandanticholinesteraseactivitiesofspinachandmustardleaves
AT muhammadayaz influenceofdifferentprocessingconditionsonphenolicprofileantioxidantandanticholinesteraseactivitiesofspinachandmustardleaves