Enhancing Streamflow Reanalysis Across the Conterminous US Leveraging Multiple Gridded Precipitation Data Sets

Abstract Streamflow observations, essential for various water resource applications, are often unavailable at critical locations in need. Although different models have been proposed to enhance streamflow predictability at ungauged locations, the challenge extends beyond model fidelity. Differences...

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Main Authors: Ganesh R. Ghimire, Shih‐Chieh Kao, Sudershan Gangrade
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Water Resources Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR038256
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author Ganesh R. Ghimire
Shih‐Chieh Kao
Sudershan Gangrade
author_facet Ganesh R. Ghimire
Shih‐Chieh Kao
Sudershan Gangrade
author_sort Ganesh R. Ghimire
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Streamflow observations, essential for various water resource applications, are often unavailable at critical locations in need. Although different models have been proposed to enhance streamflow predictability at ungauged locations, the challenge extends beyond model fidelity. Differences in meteorologic forcing data sets, precipitation in particular, can significantly affect the accuracy of hydrologic predictions. This challenge intensifies across regions characterized by diverse hydro‐climatological and geographical conditions, such as in the conterminous US (CONUS) where a single precipitation product struggles to consistently replicate observed hydrographs, particularly peak flow dynamics. To enhance streamflow predictions, we utilize a VIC‐RAPID hydrologic modeling framework driven by multiple commonly used meteorological forcing data sets, such as Daymet, PRISM, ST4, AORC, and their hybrids and create multiple sets of 40‐year (1980–2019) hourly, daily, and monthly streamflow reanalysis, Dayflow Version 2, for 2.7 million river reaches across the CONUS. Most forcings lead to skillful streamflow performance, except for ST4 in the mountainous west, where severe radar blockage adversely affects the accuracy. The evaluation using over 6,000 hourly stream gauges shows that hourly AORC and ST4 lead to improved annual peak flow performance over Daymet—driven streamflow (Dayflow V1), particularly in smaller basins, highlighting the value of high temporal resolution forcings in hydrologic predictions. Compared with other benchmark data sets like National Water Model V3.0, AORC‐driven VIC‐RAPID exhibits improved regional streamflow performance, with comparable peak flow representation. We envision that multi‐forcing streamflow reanalysis data can inform regions in need of forcing data enhancement, diagnose hydrologic model performance, and benefit diverse water resource applications.
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spelling doaj-art-0a7fc61fa1fa4d21aae91736dfbfc39c2025-08-20T03:22:12ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732025-03-01613n/an/a10.1029/2024WR038256Enhancing Streamflow Reanalysis Across the Conterminous US Leveraging Multiple Gridded Precipitation Data SetsGanesh R. Ghimire0Shih‐Chieh Kao1Sudershan Gangrade2Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USAEnvironmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USAEnvironmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USAAbstract Streamflow observations, essential for various water resource applications, are often unavailable at critical locations in need. Although different models have been proposed to enhance streamflow predictability at ungauged locations, the challenge extends beyond model fidelity. Differences in meteorologic forcing data sets, precipitation in particular, can significantly affect the accuracy of hydrologic predictions. This challenge intensifies across regions characterized by diverse hydro‐climatological and geographical conditions, such as in the conterminous US (CONUS) where a single precipitation product struggles to consistently replicate observed hydrographs, particularly peak flow dynamics. To enhance streamflow predictions, we utilize a VIC‐RAPID hydrologic modeling framework driven by multiple commonly used meteorological forcing data sets, such as Daymet, PRISM, ST4, AORC, and their hybrids and create multiple sets of 40‐year (1980–2019) hourly, daily, and monthly streamflow reanalysis, Dayflow Version 2, for 2.7 million river reaches across the CONUS. Most forcings lead to skillful streamflow performance, except for ST4 in the mountainous west, where severe radar blockage adversely affects the accuracy. The evaluation using over 6,000 hourly stream gauges shows that hourly AORC and ST4 lead to improved annual peak flow performance over Daymet—driven streamflow (Dayflow V1), particularly in smaller basins, highlighting the value of high temporal resolution forcings in hydrologic predictions. Compared with other benchmark data sets like National Water Model V3.0, AORC‐driven VIC‐RAPID exhibits improved regional streamflow performance, with comparable peak flow representation. We envision that multi‐forcing streamflow reanalysis data can inform regions in need of forcing data enhancement, diagnose hydrologic model performance, and benefit diverse water resource applications.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR038256streamflow reanalysisVIC‐RAPID modeling frameworkAORCST4national water modelextremes
spellingShingle Ganesh R. Ghimire
Shih‐Chieh Kao
Sudershan Gangrade
Enhancing Streamflow Reanalysis Across the Conterminous US Leveraging Multiple Gridded Precipitation Data Sets
Water Resources Research
streamflow reanalysis
VIC‐RAPID modeling framework
AORC
ST4
national water model
extremes
title Enhancing Streamflow Reanalysis Across the Conterminous US Leveraging Multiple Gridded Precipitation Data Sets
title_full Enhancing Streamflow Reanalysis Across the Conterminous US Leveraging Multiple Gridded Precipitation Data Sets
title_fullStr Enhancing Streamflow Reanalysis Across the Conterminous US Leveraging Multiple Gridded Precipitation Data Sets
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Streamflow Reanalysis Across the Conterminous US Leveraging Multiple Gridded Precipitation Data Sets
title_short Enhancing Streamflow Reanalysis Across the Conterminous US Leveraging Multiple Gridded Precipitation Data Sets
title_sort enhancing streamflow reanalysis across the conterminous us leveraging multiple gridded precipitation data sets
topic streamflow reanalysis
VIC‐RAPID modeling framework
AORC
ST4
national water model
extremes
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR038256
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AT sudershangangrade enhancingstreamflowreanalysisacrosstheconterminoususleveragingmultiplegriddedprecipitationdatasets