CX26 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by competitively inhibiting interaction of c-Myc with PSMD2 and enhancing c-Myc stability

Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly aggressive and fatal and has dismal prognostic outcomes, primarily due to its late-stage diagnosis and limited effective treatments. The molecular mechanisms triggering PC progression are largely unclear. This study investigated how CX26 contribut...

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Main Authors: Cheng He, Chuanyu Tang, Jie Guo, Xiangyi Yin, Qing Zhu, Chihua Fang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Translational Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06983-5
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author Cheng He
Chuanyu Tang
Jie Guo
Xiangyi Yin
Qing Zhu
Chihua Fang
author_facet Cheng He
Chuanyu Tang
Jie Guo
Xiangyi Yin
Qing Zhu
Chihua Fang
author_sort Cheng He
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly aggressive and fatal and has dismal prognostic outcomes, primarily due to its late-stage diagnosis and limited effective treatments. The molecular mechanisms triggering PC progression are largely unclear. This study investigated how CX26 contributes to pancreatic cancer development and its potential as a therapeutic target. Methods CX26 expression in PC and its clinical significance were examined through bioinformatics analysis. The biological functions of CX26 in PC cells were explored via colony formation, CCK-8, and proteomic analysis. To explore the mechanisms by which CX26 regulates c-Myc stability, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and molecular docking were utilized to investigate the interactions among CX26, PSMD2, and c-Myc. Additionally, subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice were applied to assess the impact of CX26 on PC progression in vivo. Results Bioinformatics analysis indicated the upregulation of CX26 in PC tissues. In addition, CX26 expression was closely related to dismal prognostic outcomes. Further study revealed that CX26 promotes PC progression in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic analysis identified c-Myc as the key downstream target of CX26. Mechanistically, CX26 indirectly regulated c-Myc stability via PSMD2 rather than directly interacting with c-Myc. Moreover, CX26 competes with c-Myc to bind to the Armadillo-like helical domain of PSMD2, thereby preventing c-Myc proteasomal degradation. Conclusions This study suggests that CX26 facilitates PC progression by stabilizing c-Myc through competitively inhibiting the binding of PSMD2 to c-Myc. Given the challenges in directly inhibiting c-Myc, this novel regulatory mechanism provides valuable insights into PC biology and reveals that targeting CX26 is a possible way to promote c-Myc degradation and suppress PC growth.
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spelling doaj-art-0a753a07389644ba977f95eae11a8c0a2025-08-24T11:48:07ZengBMCJournal of Translational Medicine1479-58762025-08-0123111410.1186/s12967-025-06983-5CX26 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by competitively inhibiting interaction of c-Myc with PSMD2 and enhancing c-Myc stabilityCheng He0Chuanyu Tang1Jie Guo2Xiangyi Yin3Qing Zhu4Chihua Fang5Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityAbstract Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly aggressive and fatal and has dismal prognostic outcomes, primarily due to its late-stage diagnosis and limited effective treatments. The molecular mechanisms triggering PC progression are largely unclear. This study investigated how CX26 contributes to pancreatic cancer development and its potential as a therapeutic target. Methods CX26 expression in PC and its clinical significance were examined through bioinformatics analysis. The biological functions of CX26 in PC cells were explored via colony formation, CCK-8, and proteomic analysis. To explore the mechanisms by which CX26 regulates c-Myc stability, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and molecular docking were utilized to investigate the interactions among CX26, PSMD2, and c-Myc. Additionally, subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice were applied to assess the impact of CX26 on PC progression in vivo. Results Bioinformatics analysis indicated the upregulation of CX26 in PC tissues. In addition, CX26 expression was closely related to dismal prognostic outcomes. Further study revealed that CX26 promotes PC progression in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic analysis identified c-Myc as the key downstream target of CX26. Mechanistically, CX26 indirectly regulated c-Myc stability via PSMD2 rather than directly interacting with c-Myc. Moreover, CX26 competes with c-Myc to bind to the Armadillo-like helical domain of PSMD2, thereby preventing c-Myc proteasomal degradation. Conclusions This study suggests that CX26 facilitates PC progression by stabilizing c-Myc through competitively inhibiting the binding of PSMD2 to c-Myc. Given the challenges in directly inhibiting c-Myc, this novel regulatory mechanism provides valuable insights into PC biology and reveals that targeting CX26 is a possible way to promote c-Myc degradation and suppress PC growth.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06983-5Pancreatic cancerCX26c-MycPSMD2Proteasomal degradation
spellingShingle Cheng He
Chuanyu Tang
Jie Guo
Xiangyi Yin
Qing Zhu
Chihua Fang
CX26 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by competitively inhibiting interaction of c-Myc with PSMD2 and enhancing c-Myc stability
Journal of Translational Medicine
Pancreatic cancer
CX26
c-Myc
PSMD2
Proteasomal degradation
title CX26 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by competitively inhibiting interaction of c-Myc with PSMD2 and enhancing c-Myc stability
title_full CX26 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by competitively inhibiting interaction of c-Myc with PSMD2 and enhancing c-Myc stability
title_fullStr CX26 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by competitively inhibiting interaction of c-Myc with PSMD2 and enhancing c-Myc stability
title_full_unstemmed CX26 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by competitively inhibiting interaction of c-Myc with PSMD2 and enhancing c-Myc stability
title_short CX26 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by competitively inhibiting interaction of c-Myc with PSMD2 and enhancing c-Myc stability
title_sort cx26 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by competitively inhibiting interaction of c myc with psmd2 and enhancing c myc stability
topic Pancreatic cancer
CX26
c-Myc
PSMD2
Proteasomal degradation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06983-5
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