Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological Insights
Glioblastoma (GBM) displays significant gender disparities, being 1.6 times more prevalent in men, with a median survival time of 15.0 months for males compared to 25.5 months for females. These differences may be linked to gonadal steroid hormones, particularly testosterone, which interacts with th...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Life |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/12/1523 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846103905609449472 |
|---|---|
| author | Jessica Rossi Marialuisa Zedde Manuela Napoli Rosario Pascarella Anna Pisanello Giuseppe Biagini Franco Valzania |
| author_facet | Jessica Rossi Marialuisa Zedde Manuela Napoli Rosario Pascarella Anna Pisanello Giuseppe Biagini Franco Valzania |
| author_sort | Jessica Rossi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glioblastoma (GBM) displays significant gender disparities, being 1.6 times more prevalent in men, with a median survival time of 15.0 months for males compared to 25.5 months for females. These differences may be linked to gonadal steroid hormones, particularly testosterone, which interacts with the androgen receptor (AR) to promote tumor proliferation. Conversely, estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), and P4 metabolites exert more complex effects on GBM. Despite these insights, the identification of reliable hormonal tumor markers remains challenging, and studies investigating hormone therapies yield inconclusive results due to small sample sizes and heterogeneous tumor histology. Additionally, genetic, epigenetic, and immunological factors play critical roles in sex disparities, with female patients demonstrating increased O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation and greater genomic instability. These complexities highlight the need for personalized therapeutic strategies that integrate hormonal influences alongside other sex-specific biological characteristics in the management of GBM. In this review, we present the current understanding of the potential role of sex hormones in the natural history of GBM. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0a6abdd37f284484a896a504f2e4ba2a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj-art-0a6abdd37f284484a896a504f2e4ba2a2024-12-27T14:35:47ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-11-011412152310.3390/life14121523Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological InsightsJessica Rossi0Marialuisa Zedde1Manuela Napoli2Rosario Pascarella3Anna Pisanello4Giuseppe Biagini5Franco Valzania6Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, ItalyNeurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, ItalyNeuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, ItalyNeuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, ItalyNeurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, ItalyNeurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, ItalyGlioblastoma (GBM) displays significant gender disparities, being 1.6 times more prevalent in men, with a median survival time of 15.0 months for males compared to 25.5 months for females. These differences may be linked to gonadal steroid hormones, particularly testosterone, which interacts with the androgen receptor (AR) to promote tumor proliferation. Conversely, estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), and P4 metabolites exert more complex effects on GBM. Despite these insights, the identification of reliable hormonal tumor markers remains challenging, and studies investigating hormone therapies yield inconclusive results due to small sample sizes and heterogeneous tumor histology. Additionally, genetic, epigenetic, and immunological factors play critical roles in sex disparities, with female patients demonstrating increased O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation and greater genomic instability. These complexities highlight the need for personalized therapeutic strategies that integrate hormonal influences alongside other sex-specific biological characteristics in the management of GBM. In this review, we present the current understanding of the potential role of sex hormones in the natural history of GBM.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/12/1523glioblastomaneurosteroidsandrogen receptortargeted therapyMRIDCE |
| spellingShingle | Jessica Rossi Marialuisa Zedde Manuela Napoli Rosario Pascarella Anna Pisanello Giuseppe Biagini Franco Valzania Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological Insights Life glioblastoma neurosteroids androgen receptor targeted therapy MRI DCE |
| title | Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological Insights |
| title_full | Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological Insights |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological Insights |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological Insights |
| title_short | Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological Insights |
| title_sort | impact of sex hormones on glioblastoma sex related differences and neuroradiological insights |
| topic | glioblastoma neurosteroids androgen receptor targeted therapy MRI DCE |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/12/1523 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jessicarossi impactofsexhormonesonglioblastomasexrelateddifferencesandneuroradiologicalinsights AT marialuisazedde impactofsexhormonesonglioblastomasexrelateddifferencesandneuroradiologicalinsights AT manuelanapoli impactofsexhormonesonglioblastomasexrelateddifferencesandneuroradiologicalinsights AT rosariopascarella impactofsexhormonesonglioblastomasexrelateddifferencesandneuroradiologicalinsights AT annapisanello impactofsexhormonesonglioblastomasexrelateddifferencesandneuroradiologicalinsights AT giuseppebiagini impactofsexhormonesonglioblastomasexrelateddifferencesandneuroradiologicalinsights AT francovalzania impactofsexhormonesonglioblastomasexrelateddifferencesandneuroradiologicalinsights |