Piloting Implementation Design and Preliminary Readiness for Universal Suicide Risk Screening Program in Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Centre, Nepal: A Mixed Method Study

Introduction: Nearly three quarters of the suicides occur in developing world, however few evidenced-based health systems strategies exist to detect and prevent suicide in these contexts. This pilot study evaluates the feasibility of implementing a universal suicide risk screening program in a Nepa...

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Main Authors: Anmol Purna Shrestha, Roshana Shrestha, Renu Shakya, Pratiksha Paudel, Madeleine Sorenson, Amrita Gurung, Riya Bajracharya, Ajay Risal, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Ashley Hagaman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nepal Medical Association 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Nepal Medical Association
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Online Access:https://jnma.com.np/jnma/index.php/jnma/article/view/8832
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author Anmol Purna Shrestha
Roshana Shrestha
Renu Shakya
Pratiksha Paudel
Madeleine Sorenson
Amrita Gurung
Riya Bajracharya
Ajay Risal
Lakshmi Vijayakumar
Ashley Hagaman
author_facet Anmol Purna Shrestha
Roshana Shrestha
Renu Shakya
Pratiksha Paudel
Madeleine Sorenson
Amrita Gurung
Riya Bajracharya
Ajay Risal
Lakshmi Vijayakumar
Ashley Hagaman
author_sort Anmol Purna Shrestha
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Nearly three quarters of the suicides occur in developing world, however few evidenced-based health systems strategies exist to detect and prevent suicide in these contexts. This pilot study evaluates the feasibility of implementing a universal suicide risk screening program in a Nepalese emergency department. Methods: This study reports the preliminary training phases of a pilot implementation trial in the emergency department to evaluate the program. The approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council (Approval no. 447/2021 P), and the Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences Institutional Ethical Review Board (Approval no. 237/2021) and Yale University IRB (Protocol ID 2000029480). Implementation assessments included suicide screening acceptability, appropriateness, confidence, system priority, and myth knowledge of staff. Implementation strategies were selected, decolonized, and preliminarily trained followed by phased supportive coaching to initiate the screening package. We designed the implementation package through co-design staff focus groups and embedded ethnography. Results: Co-design focus groups (n=8) occurred with staff and leadership. We trained 26 (76.47%) the staff on the Nepali suicide screening tool followed by supported phased initial screening over two months. Implementation assessments demonstrated increased scores on appropriateness, confidence, system priority, and myth knowledge. The implementation package included key strategies to be deployed over six months. The embedded ethnographic observations revealed barriers to effective implementation, such as anticipated stigma, reluctance to engage families, and distrust in referral processes. Conclusions: The pilot study demonstrated that training improves staff appropriateness, confidence, system priority, and myth knowledge. Despite initial barriers, co-designed strategies and phased coaching facilitates screening uptake, highlighting the program's potential for sustainable implementation.
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spelling doaj-art-09cde5f5aa824d61857f5c34bb8fcfe52024-12-01T08:59:12ZengNepal Medical AssociationJournal of Nepal Medical Association0028-27151815-672X2024-11-016228010.31729/jnma.8832Piloting Implementation Design and Preliminary Readiness for Universal Suicide Risk Screening Program in Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Centre, Nepal: A Mixed Method StudyAnmol Purna Shrestha0Roshana Shrestha1Renu Shakya2Pratiksha Paudel3Madeleine Sorenson4Amrita Gurung5Riya Bajracharya6Ajay Risal7Lakshmi Vijayakumar8Ashley Hagaman9Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal Department of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, NepalDepartment of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, NepalDepartment of Social and Behavioral Science Department, Yale School of Public Health, Connecticut, United States of AmericaDepartment of Psychology, Padma Kanya Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Bagmati, NepalDepartment of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, NepalDepartment of Psychiatry, Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Dhulikhel, Kavre , Nepal Department of Psychiatry, Volunteer Health Services Hospital, Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Social and Behavioral Science Department, Yale School of Public Health, Connecticut, United States of America Introduction: Nearly three quarters of the suicides occur in developing world, however few evidenced-based health systems strategies exist to detect and prevent suicide in these contexts. This pilot study evaluates the feasibility of implementing a universal suicide risk screening program in a Nepalese emergency department. Methods: This study reports the preliminary training phases of a pilot implementation trial in the emergency department to evaluate the program. The approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council (Approval no. 447/2021 P), and the Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences Institutional Ethical Review Board (Approval no. 237/2021) and Yale University IRB (Protocol ID 2000029480). Implementation assessments included suicide screening acceptability, appropriateness, confidence, system priority, and myth knowledge of staff. Implementation strategies were selected, decolonized, and preliminarily trained followed by phased supportive coaching to initiate the screening package. We designed the implementation package through co-design staff focus groups and embedded ethnography. Results: Co-design focus groups (n=8) occurred with staff and leadership. We trained 26 (76.47%) the staff on the Nepali suicide screening tool followed by supported phased initial screening over two months. Implementation assessments demonstrated increased scores on appropriateness, confidence, system priority, and myth knowledge. The implementation package included key strategies to be deployed over six months. The embedded ethnographic observations revealed barriers to effective implementation, such as anticipated stigma, reluctance to engage families, and distrust in referral processes. Conclusions: The pilot study demonstrated that training improves staff appropriateness, confidence, system priority, and myth knowledge. Despite initial barriers, co-designed strategies and phased coaching facilitates screening uptake, highlighting the program's potential for sustainable implementation. https://jnma.com.np/jnma/index.php/jnma/article/view/8832emergency medicineimplementation sciencedeveloping worldprevention
spellingShingle Anmol Purna Shrestha
Roshana Shrestha
Renu Shakya
Pratiksha Paudel
Madeleine Sorenson
Amrita Gurung
Riya Bajracharya
Ajay Risal
Lakshmi Vijayakumar
Ashley Hagaman
Piloting Implementation Design and Preliminary Readiness for Universal Suicide Risk Screening Program in Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Centre, Nepal: A Mixed Method Study
Journal of Nepal Medical Association
emergency medicine
implementation science
developing world
prevention
title Piloting Implementation Design and Preliminary Readiness for Universal Suicide Risk Screening Program in Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Centre, Nepal: A Mixed Method Study
title_full Piloting Implementation Design and Preliminary Readiness for Universal Suicide Risk Screening Program in Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Centre, Nepal: A Mixed Method Study
title_fullStr Piloting Implementation Design and Preliminary Readiness for Universal Suicide Risk Screening Program in Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Centre, Nepal: A Mixed Method Study
title_full_unstemmed Piloting Implementation Design and Preliminary Readiness for Universal Suicide Risk Screening Program in Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Centre, Nepal: A Mixed Method Study
title_short Piloting Implementation Design and Preliminary Readiness for Universal Suicide Risk Screening Program in Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Centre, Nepal: A Mixed Method Study
title_sort piloting implementation design and preliminary readiness for universal suicide risk screening program in emergency department of a tertiary care centre nepal a mixed method study
topic emergency medicine
implementation science
developing world
prevention
url https://jnma.com.np/jnma/index.php/jnma/article/view/8832
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