Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a review
Early detection of cancer typically facilitates improved patient outcomes; however, many cancers are not easily diagnosed at an early stage. One potential route for developing new, non-invasive methods of cancer detection is by testing for cancer-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biomarkers...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1448760/full |
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| author | Alexandre Goertzen Alexandre Goertzen Biniam Kidane Biniam Kidane Biniam Kidane Naseer Ahmed Naseer Ahmed Michel Aliani Michel Aliani Michel Aliani |
| author_facet | Alexandre Goertzen Alexandre Goertzen Biniam Kidane Biniam Kidane Biniam Kidane Naseer Ahmed Naseer Ahmed Michel Aliani Michel Aliani Michel Aliani |
| author_sort | Alexandre Goertzen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early detection of cancer typically facilitates improved patient outcomes; however, many cancers are not easily diagnosed at an early stage. One potential route for developing new, non-invasive methods of cancer detection is by testing for cancer-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biomarkers in patients’ urine. In this review, 44 studies covering the use and/or identification of cancer-related VOCs were examined, including studies which examined multiple types of cancer simultaneously, as well as diverse study designs. Among these studies the most studied cancers included prostate cancer (29% of papers), lung cancer (22%), breast cancer (20%), and bladder cancer (18%), with a smaller number of studies focused on colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, skin, liver cancer and others. Importantly, most studies which produced a VOC-based model of cancer detection observed a combined sensitivity and specificity above 150%, indicating that urine-based methods of cancer detection show considerable promise as a diagnostic tool. Mass spectrometry (MS) and electronic noses (eNose) were the most employed tools used in the detection of VOCs, while animal-based models were less common. In terms of VOCs of interest, 47 chemical species identified as correlated with various types of cancer in at least two unrelated papers, some of which were consistently up- or down-regulated in cancer patients, and which may represent useful targets for future studies investing urinary VOC biomarkers of cancer. Overall, it was concluded that research in this field has shown promising results, but more work may be needed before the widespread adoption of these techniques takes place. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-095ef0bc98a84b51b159268334dda78e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-095ef0bc98a84b51b159268334dda78e2024-11-25T10:32:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2024-11-011410.3389/fonc.2024.14487601448760Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a reviewAlexandre Goertzen0Alexandre Goertzen1Biniam Kidane2Biniam Kidane3Biniam Kidane4Naseer Ahmed5Naseer Ahmed6Michel Aliani7Michel Aliani8Michel Aliani9Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Saint Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Center, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaDepartment of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaPaul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaRady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaPaul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaRady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaDivision of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Saint Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Center, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaDepartment of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaEarly detection of cancer typically facilitates improved patient outcomes; however, many cancers are not easily diagnosed at an early stage. One potential route for developing new, non-invasive methods of cancer detection is by testing for cancer-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biomarkers in patients’ urine. In this review, 44 studies covering the use and/or identification of cancer-related VOCs were examined, including studies which examined multiple types of cancer simultaneously, as well as diverse study designs. Among these studies the most studied cancers included prostate cancer (29% of papers), lung cancer (22%), breast cancer (20%), and bladder cancer (18%), with a smaller number of studies focused on colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, skin, liver cancer and others. Importantly, most studies which produced a VOC-based model of cancer detection observed a combined sensitivity and specificity above 150%, indicating that urine-based methods of cancer detection show considerable promise as a diagnostic tool. Mass spectrometry (MS) and electronic noses (eNose) were the most employed tools used in the detection of VOCs, while animal-based models were less common. In terms of VOCs of interest, 47 chemical species identified as correlated with various types of cancer in at least two unrelated papers, some of which were consistently up- or down-regulated in cancer patients, and which may represent useful targets for future studies investing urinary VOC biomarkers of cancer. Overall, it was concluded that research in this field has shown promising results, but more work may be needed before the widespread adoption of these techniques takes place.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1448760/fullcancerbiomarkersvolatile organic compoundsgas chromatography mass spectrometryelectronic nosediagnostics |
| spellingShingle | Alexandre Goertzen Alexandre Goertzen Biniam Kidane Biniam Kidane Biniam Kidane Naseer Ahmed Naseer Ahmed Michel Aliani Michel Aliani Michel Aliani Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a review Frontiers in Oncology cancer biomarkers volatile organic compounds gas chromatography mass spectrometry electronic nose diagnostics |
| title | Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a review |
| title_full | Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a review |
| title_fullStr | Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a review |
| title_short | Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a review |
| title_sort | potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer a review |
| topic | cancer biomarkers volatile organic compounds gas chromatography mass spectrometry electronic nose diagnostics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1448760/full |
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