Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae
The zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, is commonly used in circadian rhythm studies due to its genetic and neurological similarities to humans. Circadian rhythms, which regulate sleep, neurotransmitter, behavior, and physiological responses to environmental changes, can be disrupted by various environ...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132401426X |
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| author | Soon Seok Kim Sangwoo Lee Kojo Eghan Donggon Yoo Hang-Suk Chun Woo-Keun Kim |
| author_facet | Soon Seok Kim Sangwoo Lee Kojo Eghan Donggon Yoo Hang-Suk Chun Woo-Keun Kim |
| author_sort | Soon Seok Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, is commonly used in circadian rhythm studies due to its genetic and neurological similarities to humans. Circadian rhythms, which regulate sleep, neurotransmitter, behavior, and physiological responses to environmental changes, can be disrupted by various environmental factors. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are pervasive endocrine disruptors that individuals are frequently exposed to in daily life. However, the impact of PAEs on circadian rhythms during early development remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to diethyl phthalate (DEP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) on the behavior and circadian rhythms of developing zebrafish larvae using a series of layered assays. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to the two PAEs from less than 2 hour post-fertilization (hpf) until 96 hpf. The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent reduction in tail coiling (TC), touch-evoked response (TER), and locomotor activity, alongside an increase in sleep time and alterations in sleep bouts and sleep latency during both 24-hour and Light1/Dark/Light2 (7/10/7-hour) periods. Additionally, exposure to BBzP led to increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and dopamine (DA) levels, and a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels. Gene expression analysis revealed that DEP and BBzP exposure increased the expression of circadian rhythm and light-response-related genes. In conclusion, exposure to these PAEs disrupts the circadian rhythm of zebrafish larvae, providing novel insights into the developmental impact of these common environmental contaminants. Further research is needed to understand the broader implications of these findings for human health and environmental safety. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-08efba1d609d4e97b7740d9baf46d0e2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-08efba1d609d4e97b7740d9baf46d0e22024-12-07T08:24:28ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132024-12-01288117350Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvaeSoon Seok Kim0Sangwoo Lee1Kojo Eghan2Donggon Yoo3Hang-Suk Chun4Woo-Keun Kim5Center for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South KoreaCenter for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South KoreaCenter for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, KoreaCenter for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South KoreaCenter for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, KoreaCenter for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Corresponding author at: Center for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea.The zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, is commonly used in circadian rhythm studies due to its genetic and neurological similarities to humans. Circadian rhythms, which regulate sleep, neurotransmitter, behavior, and physiological responses to environmental changes, can be disrupted by various environmental factors. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are pervasive endocrine disruptors that individuals are frequently exposed to in daily life. However, the impact of PAEs on circadian rhythms during early development remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to diethyl phthalate (DEP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) on the behavior and circadian rhythms of developing zebrafish larvae using a series of layered assays. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to the two PAEs from less than 2 hour post-fertilization (hpf) until 96 hpf. The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent reduction in tail coiling (TC), touch-evoked response (TER), and locomotor activity, alongside an increase in sleep time and alterations in sleep bouts and sleep latency during both 24-hour and Light1/Dark/Light2 (7/10/7-hour) periods. Additionally, exposure to BBzP led to increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and dopamine (DA) levels, and a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels. Gene expression analysis revealed that DEP and BBzP exposure increased the expression of circadian rhythm and light-response-related genes. In conclusion, exposure to these PAEs disrupts the circadian rhythm of zebrafish larvae, providing novel insights into the developmental impact of these common environmental contaminants. Further research is needed to understand the broader implications of these findings for human health and environmental safety.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132401426XDiethyl phthalateButyl benzyl phthalateCircadian rhythmSleep boutSleep latency |
| spellingShingle | Soon Seok Kim Sangwoo Lee Kojo Eghan Donggon Yoo Hang-Suk Chun Woo-Keun Kim Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Diethyl phthalate Butyl benzyl phthalate Circadian rhythm Sleep bout Sleep latency |
| title | Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae |
| title_full | Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae |
| title_fullStr | Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae |
| title_short | Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae |
| title_sort | adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae |
| topic | Diethyl phthalate Butyl benzyl phthalate Circadian rhythm Sleep bout Sleep latency |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132401426X |
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