Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae

The zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, is commonly used in circadian rhythm studies due to its genetic and neurological similarities to humans. Circadian rhythms, which regulate sleep, neurotransmitter, behavior, and physiological responses to environmental changes, can be disrupted by various environ...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Soon Seok Kim, Sangwoo Lee, Kojo Eghan, Donggon Yoo, Hang-Suk Chun, Woo-Keun Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132401426X
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846138578100289536
author Soon Seok Kim
Sangwoo Lee
Kojo Eghan
Donggon Yoo
Hang-Suk Chun
Woo-Keun Kim
author_facet Soon Seok Kim
Sangwoo Lee
Kojo Eghan
Donggon Yoo
Hang-Suk Chun
Woo-Keun Kim
author_sort Soon Seok Kim
collection DOAJ
description The zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, is commonly used in circadian rhythm studies due to its genetic and neurological similarities to humans. Circadian rhythms, which regulate sleep, neurotransmitter, behavior, and physiological responses to environmental changes, can be disrupted by various environmental factors. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are pervasive endocrine disruptors that individuals are frequently exposed to in daily life. However, the impact of PAEs on circadian rhythms during early development remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to diethyl phthalate (DEP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) on the behavior and circadian rhythms of developing zebrafish larvae using a series of layered assays. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to the two PAEs from less than 2 hour post-fertilization (hpf) until 96 hpf. The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent reduction in tail coiling (TC), touch-evoked response (TER), and locomotor activity, alongside an increase in sleep time and alterations in sleep bouts and sleep latency during both 24-hour and Light1/Dark/Light2 (7/10/7-hour) periods. Additionally, exposure to BBzP led to increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and dopamine (DA) levels, and a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels. Gene expression analysis revealed that DEP and BBzP exposure increased the expression of circadian rhythm and light-response-related genes. In conclusion, exposure to these PAEs disrupts the circadian rhythm of zebrafish larvae, providing novel insights into the developmental impact of these common environmental contaminants. Further research is needed to understand the broader implications of these findings for human health and environmental safety.
format Article
id doaj-art-08efba1d609d4e97b7740d9baf46d0e2
institution Kabale University
issn 0147-6513
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
spelling doaj-art-08efba1d609d4e97b7740d9baf46d0e22024-12-07T08:24:28ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132024-12-01288117350Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvaeSoon Seok Kim0Sangwoo Lee1Kojo Eghan2Donggon Yoo3Hang-Suk Chun4Woo-Keun Kim5Center for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South KoreaCenter for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South KoreaCenter for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, KoreaCenter for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South KoreaCenter for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, KoreaCenter for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Corresponding author at: Center for Predictive Model Research, Division of Advanced Predictive Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea.The zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, is commonly used in circadian rhythm studies due to its genetic and neurological similarities to humans. Circadian rhythms, which regulate sleep, neurotransmitter, behavior, and physiological responses to environmental changes, can be disrupted by various environmental factors. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are pervasive endocrine disruptors that individuals are frequently exposed to in daily life. However, the impact of PAEs on circadian rhythms during early development remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to diethyl phthalate (DEP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) on the behavior and circadian rhythms of developing zebrafish larvae using a series of layered assays. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to the two PAEs from less than 2 hour post-fertilization (hpf) until 96 hpf. The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent reduction in tail coiling (TC), touch-evoked response (TER), and locomotor activity, alongside an increase in sleep time and alterations in sleep bouts and sleep latency during both 24-hour and Light1/Dark/Light2 (7/10/7-hour) periods. Additionally, exposure to BBzP led to increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and dopamine (DA) levels, and a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels. Gene expression analysis revealed that DEP and BBzP exposure increased the expression of circadian rhythm and light-response-related genes. In conclusion, exposure to these PAEs disrupts the circadian rhythm of zebrafish larvae, providing novel insights into the developmental impact of these common environmental contaminants. Further research is needed to understand the broader implications of these findings for human health and environmental safety.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132401426XDiethyl phthalateButyl benzyl phthalateCircadian rhythmSleep boutSleep latency
spellingShingle Soon Seok Kim
Sangwoo Lee
Kojo Eghan
Donggon Yoo
Hang-Suk Chun
Woo-Keun Kim
Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Diethyl phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Circadian rhythm
Sleep bout
Sleep latency
title Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae
title_full Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae
title_fullStr Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae
title_full_unstemmed Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae
title_short Adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae
title_sort adverse effects of diethyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate on circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in zebrafish larvae
topic Diethyl phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Circadian rhythm
Sleep bout
Sleep latency
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132401426X
work_keys_str_mv AT soonseokkim adverseeffectsofdiethylphthalateandbutylbenzylphthalateoncircadianrhythmsandsleeppatternsinzebrafishlarvae
AT sangwoolee adverseeffectsofdiethylphthalateandbutylbenzylphthalateoncircadianrhythmsandsleeppatternsinzebrafishlarvae
AT kojoeghan adverseeffectsofdiethylphthalateandbutylbenzylphthalateoncircadianrhythmsandsleeppatternsinzebrafishlarvae
AT donggonyoo adverseeffectsofdiethylphthalateandbutylbenzylphthalateoncircadianrhythmsandsleeppatternsinzebrafishlarvae
AT hangsukchun adverseeffectsofdiethylphthalateandbutylbenzylphthalateoncircadianrhythmsandsleeppatternsinzebrafishlarvae
AT wookeunkim adverseeffectsofdiethylphthalateandbutylbenzylphthalateoncircadianrhythmsandsleeppatternsinzebrafishlarvae