Coordinated charging of EV fleets in community parking lots to maximize benefits using a three-stage energy management system

Abstract The rapid global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the development of advanced EV charging infrastructure to meet rising energy demands. In particular, community parking lots (CPLs) offer significant opportunities for coordinating EVs’ charging. By integrating energy storage...

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Main Authors: Isha Chandra, Navneet Kumar Singh, Paulson Samuel, Mohit Bajaj, Ievgen Zaitsev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83579-x
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author Isha Chandra
Navneet Kumar Singh
Paulson Samuel
Mohit Bajaj
Ievgen Zaitsev
author_facet Isha Chandra
Navneet Kumar Singh
Paulson Samuel
Mohit Bajaj
Ievgen Zaitsev
author_sort Isha Chandra
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The rapid global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the development of advanced EV charging infrastructure to meet rising energy demands. In particular, community parking lots (CPLs) offer significant opportunities for coordinating EVs’ charging. By integrating energy storage systems (ESSs), renewable energy sources (RESs), and building prosumers, substantial reductions in peak load and electricity costs can be achieved, while simultaneously promoting environmental sustainability. This paper presents a novel three-stage real-time Energy Management System (EMS) designed to coordinate EV charging in CPLs, integrating solar photovoltaics, wind energy, ESSs, and building backup units. The proposed EMS operates in three stages: (1) day-ahead scheduling of energy generation and consumption, (2) real-time power management to address deviations between forecasted and actual power generation and demand, and (3) priority-based EV charging, which considers EV state of charge (SOC) and owner preferences. The system is evaluated through MATLAB® simulations under four different scenarios and based on six performance indices: daily electricity bills, cost savings, self-sufficiency, self-consumption, carbon emissions, and fairness in EV charging. The results demonstrate that the proposed EMS can reduce electricity bills for parking lot operators (PLOs) by up to 45%, with a corresponding decrease in carbon emissions by 40% compared to uncoordinated charging scenarios. Additionally, the EMS improves the self-sufficiency ratio by up to 75% and increases the self-consumption ratio to 85%. The system also ensures fairness in charging, achieving a fairness index of 0.82, thus addressing the needs of both PLOs and EV owners. This research underscores the potential of CPLs to optimize energy use, lower costs, and contribute to broader sustainability goals by integrating renewable energy and intelligent charging strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-08368ecef03341048797a4daf9ab1c2c2025-01-05T12:29:29ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-0114111910.1038/s41598-024-83579-xCoordinated charging of EV fleets in community parking lots to maximize benefits using a three-stage energy management systemIsha Chandra0Navneet Kumar Singh1Paulson Samuel2Mohit Bajaj3Ievgen Zaitsev4 Electrical Engineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Electrical Engineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Electrical Engineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)Department of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Diagnostics of Electrical Equipment, Institute of Electrodynamics, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineAbstract The rapid global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the development of advanced EV charging infrastructure to meet rising energy demands. In particular, community parking lots (CPLs) offer significant opportunities for coordinating EVs’ charging. By integrating energy storage systems (ESSs), renewable energy sources (RESs), and building prosumers, substantial reductions in peak load and electricity costs can be achieved, while simultaneously promoting environmental sustainability. This paper presents a novel three-stage real-time Energy Management System (EMS) designed to coordinate EV charging in CPLs, integrating solar photovoltaics, wind energy, ESSs, and building backup units. The proposed EMS operates in three stages: (1) day-ahead scheduling of energy generation and consumption, (2) real-time power management to address deviations between forecasted and actual power generation and demand, and (3) priority-based EV charging, which considers EV state of charge (SOC) and owner preferences. The system is evaluated through MATLAB® simulations under four different scenarios and based on six performance indices: daily electricity bills, cost savings, self-sufficiency, self-consumption, carbon emissions, and fairness in EV charging. The results demonstrate that the proposed EMS can reduce electricity bills for parking lot operators (PLOs) by up to 45%, with a corresponding decrease in carbon emissions by 40% compared to uncoordinated charging scenarios. Additionally, the EMS improves the self-sufficiency ratio by up to 75% and increases the self-consumption ratio to 85%. The system also ensures fairness in charging, achieving a fairness index of 0.82, thus addressing the needs of both PLOs and EV owners. This research underscores the potential of CPLs to optimize energy use, lower costs, and contribute to broader sustainability goals by integrating renewable energy and intelligent charging strategies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83579-xEnergy management system (EMS)Community parking lot (CPL)Electric vehicles (EV)Renewable energy sources (RES)Day-ahead schedulingPriority-based charging
spellingShingle Isha Chandra
Navneet Kumar Singh
Paulson Samuel
Mohit Bajaj
Ievgen Zaitsev
Coordinated charging of EV fleets in community parking lots to maximize benefits using a three-stage energy management system
Scientific Reports
Energy management system (EMS)
Community parking lot (CPL)
Electric vehicles (EV)
Renewable energy sources (RES)
Day-ahead scheduling
Priority-based charging
title Coordinated charging of EV fleets in community parking lots to maximize benefits using a three-stage energy management system
title_full Coordinated charging of EV fleets in community parking lots to maximize benefits using a three-stage energy management system
title_fullStr Coordinated charging of EV fleets in community parking lots to maximize benefits using a three-stage energy management system
title_full_unstemmed Coordinated charging of EV fleets in community parking lots to maximize benefits using a three-stage energy management system
title_short Coordinated charging of EV fleets in community parking lots to maximize benefits using a three-stage energy management system
title_sort coordinated charging of ev fleets in community parking lots to maximize benefits using a three stage energy management system
topic Energy management system (EMS)
Community parking lot (CPL)
Electric vehicles (EV)
Renewable energy sources (RES)
Day-ahead scheduling
Priority-based charging
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83579-x
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