Design and Test of a Calibration System for Avalanche Photodiodes Used in X-Ray Compton Polarimeters for Space
The development and calibration of a measurement system designed for assessing the performance of the avalanche photodiodes (APDs) used in the Compton scattering polarimeter of the CUSP project is discussed in this work. The designed system is able to characterize the APD gain <inline-formula>...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Andrea Alimenti Fabrizio Cologgi Sergio Fabiani Kostiantyn Torokhtii Enrico Silva Ettore Del Monte Ilaria Baffo Sergio Bonomo Daniele Brienza Riccardo Campana Mauro Centrone Giulia De Iulis Enrico Costa Giovanni Cucinella Andrea Curatolo Nicolas De Angelis Giovanni De Cesare Andrea Del Re Sergio Di Cosimo Simone Di Filippo Alessandro Di Marco Giuseppe Di Persio Immacolata Donnarumma Pierluigi Fanelli Abhay Kumar Paolo Leonetti Alfredo Locarini Pasqualino Loffredo Giovanni Lombardi Gabriele Minervini Dario Modenini Fabio Muleri Silvia Natalucci Andrea Negri Massimo Perelli Monia Rossi Alda Rubini Emanuele Scalise Paolo Soffitta Andrea Terracciano Paolo Tortora Emanuele Zaccagnino Alessandro Zambardi |
| author_facet | Andrea Alimenti Fabrizio Cologgi Sergio Fabiani Kostiantyn Torokhtii Enrico Silva Ettore Del Monte Ilaria Baffo Sergio Bonomo Daniele Brienza Riccardo Campana Mauro Centrone Giulia De Iulis Enrico Costa Giovanni Cucinella Andrea Curatolo Nicolas De Angelis Giovanni De Cesare Andrea Del Re Sergio Di Cosimo Simone Di Filippo Alessandro Di Marco Giuseppe Di Persio Immacolata Donnarumma Pierluigi Fanelli Abhay Kumar Paolo Leonetti Alfredo Locarini Pasqualino Loffredo Giovanni Lombardi Gabriele Minervini Dario Modenini Fabio Muleri Silvia Natalucci Andrea Negri Massimo Perelli Monia Rossi Alda Rubini Emanuele Scalise Paolo Soffitta Andrea Terracciano Paolo Tortora Emanuele Zaccagnino Alessandro Zambardi |
| author_sort | Andrea Alimenti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development and calibration of a measurement system designed for assessing the performance of the avalanche photodiodes (APDs) used in the Compton scattering polarimeter of the CUSP project is discussed in this work. The designed system is able to characterize the APD gain <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and energy resolution across a wide range of temperatures <i>T</i> (from −20 °C to +60 °C) and bias voltages <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> (from 260 V to 410 V). The primary goal was to experimentally determine the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> dependence on the <i>T</i> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> in order to establish a strategy for stabilizing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> by compensating for <i>T</i> fluctuations, acting on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The results demonstrate the system capability to accurately characterize APD behavior and develop feedback mechanisms to ensure its stable operation. This work provides a robust framework for calibrating APDs for space environments. It is essential for the successful implementation of spaceborne polarimeters such as the Compton scattering polarimeter foreseen aboard the CUbeSat Solar Polarimeter (CUSP) mission under development to perform solar flare X-ray polarimetry. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-071dc73c1bcb4420baa3333fe35b9d1e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-071dc73c1bcb4420baa3333fe35b9d1e2024-12-27T14:52:44ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-012424801610.3390/s24248016Design and Test of a Calibration System for Avalanche Photodiodes Used in X-Ray Compton Polarimeters for SpaceAndrea Alimenti0Fabrizio Cologgi1Sergio Fabiani2Kostiantyn Torokhtii3Enrico Silva4Ettore Del Monte5Ilaria Baffo6Sergio Bonomo7Daniele Brienza8Riccardo Campana9Mauro Centrone10Giulia De Iulis11Enrico Costa12Giovanni Cucinella13Andrea Curatolo14Nicolas De Angelis15Giovanni De Cesare16Andrea Del Re17Sergio Di Cosimo18Simone Di Filippo19Alessandro Di Marco20Giuseppe Di Persio21Immacolata Donnarumma22Pierluigi Fanelli23Abhay Kumar24Paolo Leonetti25Alfredo Locarini26Pasqualino Loffredo27Giovanni Lombardi28Gabriele Minervini29Dario Modenini30Fabio Muleri31Silvia Natalucci32Andrea Negri33Massimo Perelli34Monia Rossi35Alda Rubini36Emanuele Scalise37Paolo Soffitta38Andrea Terracciano39Paolo Tortora40Emanuele Zaccagnino41Alessandro Zambardi42Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via V. Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyDipartimento di Economia, Ingegneria, Società e Impresa, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyIMT s.r.l., Via Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza 30, 00161 Rome, ItalyAgenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, ItalyINAF-OAS Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-OAR, Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalySCAI Connect s.r.l., Via Vincenzo Lamaro 51, 00173 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyIMT s.r.l., Via Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza 30, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Fontanelle 40, 47121 Forlì, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyINAF-OAS Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalySCAI Connect s.r.l., Via Vincenzo Lamaro 51, 00173 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyIMT s.r.l., Via Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza 30, 00161 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyAgenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, ItalyDipartimento di Economia, Ingegneria, Società e Impresa, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalySCAI Connect s.r.l., Via Vincenzo Lamaro 51, 00173 Rome, ItalyAgenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyINAF Headquarters, Viale del Parco Mellini 84, 00136 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Fontanelle 40, 47121 Forlì, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyAgenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, ItalyIMT s.r.l., Via Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza 30, 00161 Rome, ItalyIMT s.r.l., Via Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza 30, 00161 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyINAF-IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyAgenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Fontanelle 40, 47121 Forlì, ItalyDipartimento di Economia, Ingegneria, Società e Impresa, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, ItalySCAI Connect s.r.l., Via Vincenzo Lamaro 51, 00173 Rome, ItalyThe development and calibration of a measurement system designed for assessing the performance of the avalanche photodiodes (APDs) used in the Compton scattering polarimeter of the CUSP project is discussed in this work. The designed system is able to characterize the APD gain <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and energy resolution across a wide range of temperatures <i>T</i> (from −20 °C to +60 °C) and bias voltages <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> (from 260 V to 410 V). The primary goal was to experimentally determine the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> dependence on the <i>T</i> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> in order to establish a strategy for stabilizing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> by compensating for <i>T</i> fluctuations, acting on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The results demonstrate the system capability to accurately characterize APD behavior and develop feedback mechanisms to ensure its stable operation. This work provides a robust framework for calibrating APDs for space environments. It is essential for the successful implementation of spaceborne polarimeters such as the Compton scattering polarimeter foreseen aboard the CUbeSat Solar Polarimeter (CUSP) mission under development to perform solar flare X-ray polarimetry.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/8016X-ray polarimeteravalanche photodiodemeasurement system for APD calibration |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Alimenti Fabrizio Cologgi Sergio Fabiani Kostiantyn Torokhtii Enrico Silva Ettore Del Monte Ilaria Baffo Sergio Bonomo Daniele Brienza Riccardo Campana Mauro Centrone Giulia De Iulis Enrico Costa Giovanni Cucinella Andrea Curatolo Nicolas De Angelis Giovanni De Cesare Andrea Del Re Sergio Di Cosimo Simone Di Filippo Alessandro Di Marco Giuseppe Di Persio Immacolata Donnarumma Pierluigi Fanelli Abhay Kumar Paolo Leonetti Alfredo Locarini Pasqualino Loffredo Giovanni Lombardi Gabriele Minervini Dario Modenini Fabio Muleri Silvia Natalucci Andrea Negri Massimo Perelli Monia Rossi Alda Rubini Emanuele Scalise Paolo Soffitta Andrea Terracciano Paolo Tortora Emanuele Zaccagnino Alessandro Zambardi Design and Test of a Calibration System for Avalanche Photodiodes Used in X-Ray Compton Polarimeters for Space Sensors X-ray polarimeter avalanche photodiode measurement system for APD calibration |
| title | Design and Test of a Calibration System for Avalanche Photodiodes Used in X-Ray Compton Polarimeters for Space |
| title_full | Design and Test of a Calibration System for Avalanche Photodiodes Used in X-Ray Compton Polarimeters for Space |
| title_fullStr | Design and Test of a Calibration System for Avalanche Photodiodes Used in X-Ray Compton Polarimeters for Space |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Test of a Calibration System for Avalanche Photodiodes Used in X-Ray Compton Polarimeters for Space |
| title_short | Design and Test of a Calibration System for Avalanche Photodiodes Used in X-Ray Compton Polarimeters for Space |
| title_sort | design and test of a calibration system for avalanche photodiodes used in x ray compton polarimeters for space |
| topic | X-ray polarimeter avalanche photodiode measurement system for APD calibration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/8016 |
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