Mozambioside Degrades during Coffee Roasting into Newly Identified Pyrolysis Compounds with Lower Activation Thresholds for Bitter Receptors

As a global commodity with profound economic and social impact, coffee’s uniqueness is rooted in its distinctive flavor profile, characterized by roasty odors and a bitter taste. Mozambioside, a diterpene glucoside predominantly found in Arabica coffee, has emerged as a potent activator of human bit...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Coline Bichlmaier, Antonella Di Pizio, Maik Behrens, Roman Lang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-07-01
Series:Proceedings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/109/1/22
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846103044756865024
author Coline Bichlmaier
Antonella Di Pizio
Maik Behrens
Roman Lang
author_facet Coline Bichlmaier
Antonella Di Pizio
Maik Behrens
Roman Lang
author_sort Coline Bichlmaier
collection DOAJ
description As a global commodity with profound economic and social impact, coffee’s uniqueness is rooted in its distinctive flavor profile, characterized by roasty odors and a bitter taste. Mozambioside, a diterpene glucoside predominantly found in Arabica coffee, has emerged as a potent activator of human bitter receptors TAS2R43 and TAS2R46, exhibiting a bitterness threshold ten times lower than caffeine. The roasting process degrades mozambioside into new compounds. The roasting products were purified from model pyrolysis using liquid chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated and characterized by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mozambioside and its roasting products were quantified by targeted UHPLC-MS/MS in coffee powders and brews. Bitter receptor activation was investigated in HEK 293T-Gα16gust44 cells in terms of activation threshold and dose-response. Receptor activation thresholds of the major roasting products 11-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucosyl-(<i>S</i>)-16-desoxy-17-oxocafestol-2-on, 11-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucosyl-15,16-dehydrocafestol-2-on, 11-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucosyl-(<i>R</i>)-16-desoxy-17-oxocafestol-2-on, and bengalensol were lower than those of mozambioside. Molecular Modelling clarified the protein–molecule interaction. The compounds were formed during coffee roasting, reaching their maximum concentration in the final roasting grade. Quantitative analyses revealed that the degradation products were quantitatively extracted from the powder into the brew. During roasting, mozambioside undergoes degradation, giving rise to new compounds with a lower activation threshold for bitter receptors, putatively contributing to the bitterness of Arabica coffee brews. Advanced analytical techniques provide insights into the intricate chemistry underlying coffee’s unique flavor profile.
format Article
id doaj-art-06579ab78aa4461e8749fe65dfc8695c
institution Kabale University
issn 2504-3900
language English
publishDate 2024-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Proceedings
spelling doaj-art-06579ab78aa4461e8749fe65dfc8695c2024-12-27T14:48:26ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002024-07-0110912210.3390/ICC2024-18034Mozambioside Degrades during Coffee Roasting into Newly Identified Pyrolysis Compounds with Lower Activation Thresholds for Bitter ReceptorsColine Bichlmaier0Antonella Di Pizio1Maik Behrens2Roman Lang3TUM Graduate School, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, GermanyAs a global commodity with profound economic and social impact, coffee’s uniqueness is rooted in its distinctive flavor profile, characterized by roasty odors and a bitter taste. Mozambioside, a diterpene glucoside predominantly found in Arabica coffee, has emerged as a potent activator of human bitter receptors TAS2R43 and TAS2R46, exhibiting a bitterness threshold ten times lower than caffeine. The roasting process degrades mozambioside into new compounds. The roasting products were purified from model pyrolysis using liquid chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated and characterized by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mozambioside and its roasting products were quantified by targeted UHPLC-MS/MS in coffee powders and brews. Bitter receptor activation was investigated in HEK 293T-Gα16gust44 cells in terms of activation threshold and dose-response. Receptor activation thresholds of the major roasting products 11-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucosyl-(<i>S</i>)-16-desoxy-17-oxocafestol-2-on, 11-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucosyl-15,16-dehydrocafestol-2-on, 11-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucosyl-(<i>R</i>)-16-desoxy-17-oxocafestol-2-on, and bengalensol were lower than those of mozambioside. Molecular Modelling clarified the protein–molecule interaction. The compounds were formed during coffee roasting, reaching their maximum concentration in the final roasting grade. Quantitative analyses revealed that the degradation products were quantitatively extracted from the powder into the brew. During roasting, mozambioside undergoes degradation, giving rise to new compounds with a lower activation threshold for bitter receptors, putatively contributing to the bitterness of Arabica coffee brews. Advanced analytical techniques provide insights into the intricate chemistry underlying coffee’s unique flavor profile.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/109/1/22bitter taste receptorscoffeemass spectrometrymozambiosideNMR spectroscopyroasting products
spellingShingle Coline Bichlmaier
Antonella Di Pizio
Maik Behrens
Roman Lang
Mozambioside Degrades during Coffee Roasting into Newly Identified Pyrolysis Compounds with Lower Activation Thresholds for Bitter Receptors
Proceedings
bitter taste receptors
coffee
mass spectrometry
mozambioside
NMR spectroscopy
roasting products
title Mozambioside Degrades during Coffee Roasting into Newly Identified Pyrolysis Compounds with Lower Activation Thresholds for Bitter Receptors
title_full Mozambioside Degrades during Coffee Roasting into Newly Identified Pyrolysis Compounds with Lower Activation Thresholds for Bitter Receptors
title_fullStr Mozambioside Degrades during Coffee Roasting into Newly Identified Pyrolysis Compounds with Lower Activation Thresholds for Bitter Receptors
title_full_unstemmed Mozambioside Degrades during Coffee Roasting into Newly Identified Pyrolysis Compounds with Lower Activation Thresholds for Bitter Receptors
title_short Mozambioside Degrades during Coffee Roasting into Newly Identified Pyrolysis Compounds with Lower Activation Thresholds for Bitter Receptors
title_sort mozambioside degrades during coffee roasting into newly identified pyrolysis compounds with lower activation thresholds for bitter receptors
topic bitter taste receptors
coffee
mass spectrometry
mozambioside
NMR spectroscopy
roasting products
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/109/1/22
work_keys_str_mv AT colinebichlmaier mozambiosidedegradesduringcoffeeroastingintonewlyidentifiedpyrolysiscompoundswithloweractivationthresholdsforbitterreceptors
AT antonelladipizio mozambiosidedegradesduringcoffeeroastingintonewlyidentifiedpyrolysiscompoundswithloweractivationthresholdsforbitterreceptors
AT maikbehrens mozambiosidedegradesduringcoffeeroastingintonewlyidentifiedpyrolysiscompoundswithloweractivationthresholdsforbitterreceptors
AT romanlang mozambiosidedegradesduringcoffeeroastingintonewlyidentifiedpyrolysiscompoundswithloweractivationthresholdsforbitterreceptors