Natural Eutectic Solvent-Based Temperature-Controlled Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Nano-Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Herbal Aqueous Samples
In this work, two novel (-)-menthol-based hydrophobic natural eutectic solvents with vanillin and cinnamic acid were prepared and applied as extraction solvents. In this regard, 12 endocrine disruptors, including phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, 4-<i>tert</i>-butylpheno...
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2024-12-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| author | Álvaro Santana-Mayor Giovanni D’Orazio Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez |
| author_facet | Álvaro Santana-Mayor Giovanni D’Orazio Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez |
| author_sort | Álvaro Santana-Mayor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, two novel (-)-menthol-based hydrophobic natural eutectic solvents with vanillin and cinnamic acid were prepared and applied as extraction solvents. In this regard, 12 endocrine disruptors, including phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, 4-<i>tert</i>-butylphenol, 4-<i>sec</i>-butylphenol, 4-<i>tert</i>-amylphenol, 4-<i>n</i>-hexylphenol, 4-<i>tert</i>-octylphenol, 4-<i>n</i>-heptylphenol, 4-<i>n</i>-octylphenol, and 4-<i>n</i>-nonylphenol and bisphenol A, were studied in a green tea drink. A temperature-controlled liquid–liquid microextraction was used as the extraction method, and nano-liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection was used as the separation and determination system. Different parameters affecting the compatibility of the non-ionic eutectic solvents with water-polar organic solvent mixtures and chromatographic and detection systems were optimized, including injection/dilution solvent, injection mode, mobile phase composition, and step gradient. With the same purpose, two stationary phases were tested, including XBridge<sup>®</sup> C<sub>18</sub> and a mixed-phase Cogent C<sub>30</sub>-XBridge<sup>®</sup> C<sub>18</sub>. Finally, the greenness and blueness of the methodology were assessed to evaluate the environmental profile and usability of the procedure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-05f618c2837542e08a3b72ec55f1f14a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-05f618c2837542e08a3b72ec55f1f14a2025-01-10T13:17:33ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-12-011412810.3390/foods14010028Natural Eutectic Solvent-Based Temperature-Controlled Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Nano-Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Herbal Aqueous SamplesÁlvaro Santana-Mayor0Giovanni D’Orazio1Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado2Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez3Departamento de Química, Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainIstituto per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB), CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Rome, ItalyDepartamento de Química, Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Química, Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainIn this work, two novel (-)-menthol-based hydrophobic natural eutectic solvents with vanillin and cinnamic acid were prepared and applied as extraction solvents. In this regard, 12 endocrine disruptors, including phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, 4-<i>tert</i>-butylphenol, 4-<i>sec</i>-butylphenol, 4-<i>tert</i>-amylphenol, 4-<i>n</i>-hexylphenol, 4-<i>tert</i>-octylphenol, 4-<i>n</i>-heptylphenol, 4-<i>n</i>-octylphenol, and 4-<i>n</i>-nonylphenol and bisphenol A, were studied in a green tea drink. A temperature-controlled liquid–liquid microextraction was used as the extraction method, and nano-liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection was used as the separation and determination system. Different parameters affecting the compatibility of the non-ionic eutectic solvents with water-polar organic solvent mixtures and chromatographic and detection systems were optimized, including injection/dilution solvent, injection mode, mobile phase composition, and step gradient. With the same purpose, two stationary phases were tested, including XBridge<sup>®</sup> C<sub>18</sub> and a mixed-phase Cogent C<sub>30</sub>-XBridge<sup>®</sup> C<sub>18</sub>. Finally, the greenness and blueness of the methodology were assessed to evaluate the environmental profile and usability of the procedure.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/1/28green solventdeep eutectic solventliquid–liquid microextractionnano-liquid chromatographygreen chemistryminiaturization |
| spellingShingle | Álvaro Santana-Mayor Giovanni D’Orazio Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez Natural Eutectic Solvent-Based Temperature-Controlled Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Nano-Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Herbal Aqueous Samples Foods green solvent deep eutectic solvent liquid–liquid microextraction nano-liquid chromatography green chemistry miniaturization |
| title | Natural Eutectic Solvent-Based Temperature-Controlled Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Nano-Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Herbal Aqueous Samples |
| title_full | Natural Eutectic Solvent-Based Temperature-Controlled Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Nano-Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Herbal Aqueous Samples |
| title_fullStr | Natural Eutectic Solvent-Based Temperature-Controlled Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Nano-Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Herbal Aqueous Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural Eutectic Solvent-Based Temperature-Controlled Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Nano-Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Herbal Aqueous Samples |
| title_short | Natural Eutectic Solvent-Based Temperature-Controlled Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Nano-Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Herbal Aqueous Samples |
| title_sort | natural eutectic solvent based temperature controlled liquid liquid microextraction and nano liquid chromatography for the analysis of herbal aqueous samples |
| topic | green solvent deep eutectic solvent liquid–liquid microextraction nano-liquid chromatography green chemistry miniaturization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/1/28 |
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