A single-snapshot inverse solver for two-species graph model of tau pathology spreading in human Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract We propose a method that uses a two-species ordinary differential equation (ODE) model for subject-specific misfolded tau protein spreading in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and calibrates it from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. The ODE model is a va...

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Main Authors: Zheyu Wen, Ali Ghafouri, George Biros, the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Brain Informatics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-025-00264-z
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author Zheyu Wen
Ali Ghafouri
George Biros
the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
author_facet Zheyu Wen
Ali Ghafouri
George Biros
the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
author_sort Zheyu Wen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We propose a method that uses a two-species ordinary differential equation (ODE) model for subject-specific misfolded tau protein spreading in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and calibrates it from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. The ODE model is a variant of the heterodimer Fisher-Kolmogorov (HFK) model. The unknown model parameters are the initial condition (IC) for tau and three scalar parameters representing the migration, proliferation, and clearance of tau proteins. Driven by imaging data, these parameters are estimated by formulating a constrained optimization problem with a sparsity regularization for the IC. This optimization problem is solved with a projection-based quasi-Newton algorithm. We evaluate the performance of our method on both synthetic and clinical data. Subjects are from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) datasets: 455 cognitively normal (CN), 212 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 45 AD subjects. We compare the performance of our approach to the commonly used Fisher-Kolmogorov (FK) model with a fixed IC at the entorhinal cortex (EC). Our method demonstrates an average improvement of 19.6% relative error compared to the FK model on the AD dataset. HFK also achieves an R-squared score of 0.591 for fitting AD data compared with 0.256 from FK model results with IC fixing at EC. The inverted IC from our scheme indicates that the EC is the most likely initial seeding region if subcortical regions are excluded from the analysis. However, other regions also have probability to be the IC seeding regions. Furthermore, for cases that have longitudinal data, we estimate a subject-specific AD onset time.
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spelling doaj-art-058c04a30df943b791a6385833995eda2025-08-20T04:03:12ZengSpringerOpenBrain Informatics2198-40182198-40262025-07-0112111910.1186/s40708-025-00264-zA single-snapshot inverse solver for two-species graph model of tau pathology spreading in human Alzheimer’s diseaseZheyu Wen0Ali Ghafouri1George Biros2the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at AustinOden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at AustinOden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at AustinAbstract We propose a method that uses a two-species ordinary differential equation (ODE) model for subject-specific misfolded tau protein spreading in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and calibrates it from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. The ODE model is a variant of the heterodimer Fisher-Kolmogorov (HFK) model. The unknown model parameters are the initial condition (IC) for tau and three scalar parameters representing the migration, proliferation, and clearance of tau proteins. Driven by imaging data, these parameters are estimated by formulating a constrained optimization problem with a sparsity regularization for the IC. This optimization problem is solved with a projection-based quasi-Newton algorithm. We evaluate the performance of our method on both synthetic and clinical data. Subjects are from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) datasets: 455 cognitively normal (CN), 212 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 45 AD subjects. We compare the performance of our approach to the commonly used Fisher-Kolmogorov (FK) model with a fixed IC at the entorhinal cortex (EC). Our method demonstrates an average improvement of 19.6% relative error compared to the FK model on the AD dataset. HFK also achieves an R-squared score of 0.591 for fitting AD data compared with 0.256 from FK model results with IC fixing at EC. The inverted IC from our scheme indicates that the EC is the most likely initial seeding region if subcortical regions are excluded from the analysis. However, other regions also have probability to be the IC seeding regions. Furthermore, for cases that have longitudinal data, we estimate a subject-specific AD onset time.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-025-00264-zAlzheimer’s diseaseTau pathologyPET imagingBiophysical modelingInverse problems
spellingShingle Zheyu Wen
Ali Ghafouri
George Biros
the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
A single-snapshot inverse solver for two-species graph model of tau pathology spreading in human Alzheimer’s disease
Brain Informatics
Alzheimer’s disease
Tau pathology
PET imaging
Biophysical modeling
Inverse problems
title A single-snapshot inverse solver for two-species graph model of tau pathology spreading in human Alzheimer’s disease
title_full A single-snapshot inverse solver for two-species graph model of tau pathology spreading in human Alzheimer’s disease
title_fullStr A single-snapshot inverse solver for two-species graph model of tau pathology spreading in human Alzheimer’s disease
title_full_unstemmed A single-snapshot inverse solver for two-species graph model of tau pathology spreading in human Alzheimer’s disease
title_short A single-snapshot inverse solver for two-species graph model of tau pathology spreading in human Alzheimer’s disease
title_sort single snapshot inverse solver for two species graph model of tau pathology spreading in human alzheimer s disease
topic Alzheimer’s disease
Tau pathology
PET imaging
Biophysical modeling
Inverse problems
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-025-00264-z
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