Clarifying causality and information flows between time series: Particulate air pollution, temperature, and elderly mortality

Exposure-response associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality have been extensively studied but potential confounding by daily minimum and maximum temperatures in the weeks preceding death has not been carefully investigated. This paper seeks to close that gap by using lagged...

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Main Author: Louis Anthony Cox, Jr
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Global Epidemiology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113324000427
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author Louis Anthony Cox, Jr
author_facet Louis Anthony Cox, Jr
author_sort Louis Anthony Cox, Jr
collection DOAJ
description Exposure-response associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality have been extensively studied but potential confounding by daily minimum and maximum temperatures in the weeks preceding death has not been carefully investigated. This paper seeks to close that gap by using lagged partial dependence plots (PDPs), sorted by importance, to quantify how mortality risk depends on lagged values of PM2.5, daily minimum and maximum temperatures and other variables in a dataset from the Los Angeles air basin (SCAQMD). We find that daily minimum and maximum temperatures and daily mortality counts two to three weeks ago are important independent predictors of both current daily elderly mortality and current PM2.5 levels. Thus, it is important to control for these variables over a period of at least several weeks preceding death. Such detailed control for lagged confounders has not been performed in influential past papers on PM2.5-mortality associations, but appears to be essential for isolating the potential causal contributions of specific variables to mortality risk, and, therefore, a worthwhile area for future research and risk assessment modeling.
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spelling doaj-art-04e3077a120a42a6ab8536a20903b94b2024-12-12T05:22:33ZengElsevierGlobal Epidemiology2590-11332024-12-018100176Clarifying causality and information flows between time series: Particulate air pollution, temperature, and elderly mortalityLouis Anthony Cox, Jr0Corresponding author.; Cox Associates, Entanglement, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO. USAExposure-response associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality have been extensively studied but potential confounding by daily minimum and maximum temperatures in the weeks preceding death has not been carefully investigated. This paper seeks to close that gap by using lagged partial dependence plots (PDPs), sorted by importance, to quantify how mortality risk depends on lagged values of PM2.5, daily minimum and maximum temperatures and other variables in a dataset from the Los Angeles air basin (SCAQMD). We find that daily minimum and maximum temperatures and daily mortality counts two to three weeks ago are important independent predictors of both current daily elderly mortality and current PM2.5 levels. Thus, it is important to control for these variables over a period of at least several weeks preceding death. Such detailed control for lagged confounders has not been performed in influential past papers on PM2.5-mortality associations, but appears to be essential for isolating the potential causal contributions of specific variables to mortality risk, and, therefore, a worthwhile area for future research and risk assessment modeling.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113324000427PM2.5MortalityMinimum daily temperatureConfoundingTime seriesPartial dependence plots
spellingShingle Louis Anthony Cox, Jr
Clarifying causality and information flows between time series: Particulate air pollution, temperature, and elderly mortality
Global Epidemiology
PM2.5
Mortality
Minimum daily temperature
Confounding
Time series
Partial dependence plots
title Clarifying causality and information flows between time series: Particulate air pollution, temperature, and elderly mortality
title_full Clarifying causality and information flows between time series: Particulate air pollution, temperature, and elderly mortality
title_fullStr Clarifying causality and information flows between time series: Particulate air pollution, temperature, and elderly mortality
title_full_unstemmed Clarifying causality and information flows between time series: Particulate air pollution, temperature, and elderly mortality
title_short Clarifying causality and information flows between time series: Particulate air pollution, temperature, and elderly mortality
title_sort clarifying causality and information flows between time series particulate air pollution temperature and elderly mortality
topic PM2.5
Mortality
Minimum daily temperature
Confounding
Time series
Partial dependence plots
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113324000427
work_keys_str_mv AT louisanthonycoxjr clarifyingcausalityandinformationflowsbetweentimeseriesparticulateairpollutiontemperatureandelderlymortality