Ultra-secure quantum protection for e-healthcare images: Hybrid chaotic one-time pad with cipher chaining encryption framework

Abstract Quantum computing introduces major threats to conventional image encryption methods, especially in medical contexts. This paper addresses these threats by developing a quantum-resistant encryption scheme for medical images. We present a novel framework combining: (1) a novel Mixed Logistic-...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Roayat Ismail Abdelfatah, Reham Mohamed Elsobky, Salah Aldeen Khamis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00155-7
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Summary:Abstract Quantum computing introduces major threats to conventional image encryption methods, especially in medical contexts. This paper addresses these threats by developing a quantum-resistant encryption scheme for medical images. We present a novel framework combining: (1) a novel Mixed Logistic-Ikeda-Henon (MLIH) chaotic map for pseudorandom key generation, (2) quantum image representation using the Novel Enhanced Quantum Representation (NEQR) model, and (3) a two-stage encryption process employing Controlled-Not (CNOT) gate chaining for diffusion and One-Time Pad (OTP) with MLIH-generated keys for confusion. The RGB channels are processed separately through quantum state conversion, CNOT-based diffusion, and keyed confusion before final recombination. To validate practical feasibility, the proposed encryption scheme was implemented on IBM’s 127-qubit ibm_sherbrooke quantum processor, demonstrating real-world feasibility. Experimental validation shows near-ideal entropy (7.9977), superior NPCR (99.97%) and UACI (33.89%) values, and an expansive key space (21952). The novel MLIH demonstrates a 12.7% improvement in logic gate efficiency compared to conventional chaotic and the image encryption has quantum advantage through parallel CNOT operations. The hardware execution yielded a throughput of 4,500 Circuit Layer Operations Per Second (CLOPS), indicating efficient real-time performance on NISQ devices, Moreover, the echoed cross-resonance (ECR) gate error remained within a median of 1.1 × 10⁻2, supporting reliable circuit execution. The proposed scheme outperforms contemporary quantum and classical encryption approaches in terms of entropy, NPCR, UACI, and key sensitivity, all while maintaining a computational complexity of O(n), ensuring scalability. This study effectively bridges the gap between theoretical quantum security models and real-world implementation on existing NISQ devices, demonstrating resilience against classical statistical and differential attacks, as well as quantum-specific threats such as Grover’s brute-force search and quantum chosen-plaintext attacks. The successful deployment of IBM quantum hardware positions this scheme as a viable solution for secure medical image transmission in quantum-era healthcare systems.
ISSN:1319-1578
2213-1248