Weld seam location with adaptive fracture repair on minor-caliber pipe
High-precision weld positioning is crucial for enhancing welding quality and structural reliability. Current algorithms are challenged by uneven laser reflectivity, complex surface curvature, and noise interference. To overcome these obstacles, we propose a multi-stage adaptive weld centering framew...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025025472 |
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| author | Yong Yan Jingyu Zhang Lingjiang Guo Heming Zhao Fan Zhang |
| author_facet | Yong Yan Jingyu Zhang Lingjiang Guo Heming Zhao Fan Zhang |
| author_sort | Yong Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-precision weld positioning is crucial for enhancing welding quality and structural reliability. Current algorithms are challenged by uneven laser reflectivity, complex surface curvature, and noise interference. To overcome these obstacles, we propose a multi-stage adaptive weld centering framework integrating line laser scanning, skeleton generation and tracking, adaptive fracture repair techniques. The framework consists of three primary stages: (1) Image preprocessing utilizes a hybrid median filter and fixed threshold segmentation to enhance contrast, suppress salt-and-pepper noise, and preserve edge details. (2) Centerline extraction employs an improved maximal disk-based skeleton algorithm to generate single-pixel-width centerlines, followed by Freeman chain code tracking and data storage. Connectivity analysis via BFS ensures topological consistency among fragment skeletons. (3) Adaptive repair and smoothing method adopts least squares optimization to integrate broken skeleton segments through geometric constraints, achieving continuous sub-pixel trajectories. Positioning experiment of pipeline welds validates the algorithm effectiveness by a maximum positional error of 3.6 pixels and an average error of 0.98 pixel. The deviation rate of the weld center point from the manually calibrated 40.68 pixels is below 5 %. These results meet the accuracy standards necessary for practical welding applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-044a2ad79b3c49f58ea46a6b498947b9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-044a2ad79b3c49f58ea46a6b498947b92025-08-20T03:58:36ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710647810.1016/j.rineng.2025.106478Weld seam location with adaptive fracture repair on minor-caliber pipeYong Yan0Jingyu Zhang1Lingjiang Guo2Heming Zhao3Fan Zhang4School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of High-end Equipment Reliability Technology, Taiyuan, PR China; Corresponding author.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, PR ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, PR ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of High-end Equipment Reliability Technology, Taiyuan, PR ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, PR ChinaHigh-precision weld positioning is crucial for enhancing welding quality and structural reliability. Current algorithms are challenged by uneven laser reflectivity, complex surface curvature, and noise interference. To overcome these obstacles, we propose a multi-stage adaptive weld centering framework integrating line laser scanning, skeleton generation and tracking, adaptive fracture repair techniques. The framework consists of three primary stages: (1) Image preprocessing utilizes a hybrid median filter and fixed threshold segmentation to enhance contrast, suppress salt-and-pepper noise, and preserve edge details. (2) Centerline extraction employs an improved maximal disk-based skeleton algorithm to generate single-pixel-width centerlines, followed by Freeman chain code tracking and data storage. Connectivity analysis via BFS ensures topological consistency among fragment skeletons. (3) Adaptive repair and smoothing method adopts least squares optimization to integrate broken skeleton segments through geometric constraints, achieving continuous sub-pixel trajectories. Positioning experiment of pipeline welds validates the algorithm effectiveness by a maximum positional error of 3.6 pixels and an average error of 0.98 pixel. The deviation rate of the weld center point from the manually calibrated 40.68 pixels is below 5 %. These results meet the accuracy standards necessary for practical welding applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025025472Arc weld seamLine laser scanningMaximum disk methodFreeman chain codeSub-pixel localizationAdaptive fracture repair |
| spellingShingle | Yong Yan Jingyu Zhang Lingjiang Guo Heming Zhao Fan Zhang Weld seam location with adaptive fracture repair on minor-caliber pipe Results in Engineering Arc weld seam Line laser scanning Maximum disk method Freeman chain code Sub-pixel localization Adaptive fracture repair |
| title | Weld seam location with adaptive fracture repair on minor-caliber pipe |
| title_full | Weld seam location with adaptive fracture repair on minor-caliber pipe |
| title_fullStr | Weld seam location with adaptive fracture repair on minor-caliber pipe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Weld seam location with adaptive fracture repair on minor-caliber pipe |
| title_short | Weld seam location with adaptive fracture repair on minor-caliber pipe |
| title_sort | weld seam location with adaptive fracture repair on minor caliber pipe |
| topic | Arc weld seam Line laser scanning Maximum disk method Freeman chain code Sub-pixel localization Adaptive fracture repair |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025025472 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yongyan weldseamlocationwithadaptivefracturerepaironminorcaliberpipe AT jingyuzhang weldseamlocationwithadaptivefracturerepaironminorcaliberpipe AT lingjiangguo weldseamlocationwithadaptivefracturerepaironminorcaliberpipe AT hemingzhao weldseamlocationwithadaptivefracturerepaironminorcaliberpipe AT fanzhang weldseamlocationwithadaptivefracturerepaironminorcaliberpipe |