Multifactorial Risk Stratification in Patients with Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Atrial Fibrillation: A Comprehensive Analysis

<b>Background:</b> Heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexist, forming a high-risk triad that amplifies morbidity and mortality through shared pathophysiological mechanisms such as neurohormonal activation, fluid overload, and inflam...

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Main Authors: Mihai Sorin Iacob, Nilima Rajpal Kundnani, Abhinav Sharma, Vlad Meche, Paul Ciobotaru, Ovidiu Bedreag, Dorel Sandesc, Simona Ruxanda Dragan, Marius Papurica, Livia Claudia Stanga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/5/786
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