Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Management and Treatment of Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachment (RD) is a serious clinical condition that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Its management involves considering several clinical factors that may affect the therapeutic approach. Inflammatory complications can affect visual recovery, long-term outcomes, and prognosi...

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Main Authors: Pablo Redruello-Guerrero, María Gómez-Tomás, Tomás Rechi-Sierra, Laura Molinero-Sicilia, Nadia Galindo-Cabello, Ricardo Usategui-Martín, Salvador Pastor-Idoate
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Metabolites
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/7/442
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author Pablo Redruello-Guerrero
María Gómez-Tomás
Tomás Rechi-Sierra
Laura Molinero-Sicilia
Nadia Galindo-Cabello
Ricardo Usategui-Martín
Salvador Pastor-Idoate
author_facet Pablo Redruello-Guerrero
María Gómez-Tomás
Tomás Rechi-Sierra
Laura Molinero-Sicilia
Nadia Galindo-Cabello
Ricardo Usategui-Martín
Salvador Pastor-Idoate
author_sort Pablo Redruello-Guerrero
collection DOAJ
description Retinal detachment (RD) is a serious clinical condition that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Its management involves considering several clinical factors that may affect the therapeutic approach. Inflammatory complications can affect visual recovery, long-term outcomes, and prognosis. Understanding the underlying inflammatory mechanisms is key to improving personalized medicine and optimizing therapeutic approaches to management. This review comprehensively searched scientific databases (Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus), considering clinical and experimental studies published between 1999 and 2025. Specific MeSH terms and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the most relevant papers. A total of 140 studies were analyzed. The findings were analyzed qualitatively and illustrated with images from clinical practice. Several studies have demonstrated the critical role of cytokines in retinal inflammation, highlighting their importance in regulating the immune response following RD. In addition, oxidative stress, apoptotic mechanisms, and glia activation, particularly Müller cells and microglia, have been identified as crucial elements in the progression of retinal damage. In this sense, inflammation poses significant clinical challenges that require more effective therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, this review differs from previous literature by emphasizing the translational implications of inflammatory mechanisms in RD and by comparing experimental and clinical data. The management of RD should consider not only surgical aspects, but also modulation of the inflammatory response to improve visual outcomes and prevent long-term complications.
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spelling doaj-art-042a4619b08046dc99a0f1437f6a397d2025-08-20T03:58:26ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892025-07-0115744210.3390/metabo15070442Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Management and Treatment of Retinal DetachmentPablo Redruello-Guerrero0María Gómez-Tomás1Tomás Rechi-Sierra2Laura Molinero-Sicilia3Nadia Galindo-Cabello4Ricardo Usategui-Martín5Salvador Pastor-Idoate6Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, SpainUnit of Excellence Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, SpainUnit of Excellence Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, SpainUnit of Excellence Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, SpainRetinal detachment (RD) is a serious clinical condition that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Its management involves considering several clinical factors that may affect the therapeutic approach. Inflammatory complications can affect visual recovery, long-term outcomes, and prognosis. Understanding the underlying inflammatory mechanisms is key to improving personalized medicine and optimizing therapeutic approaches to management. This review comprehensively searched scientific databases (Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus), considering clinical and experimental studies published between 1999 and 2025. Specific MeSH terms and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the most relevant papers. A total of 140 studies were analyzed. The findings were analyzed qualitatively and illustrated with images from clinical practice. Several studies have demonstrated the critical role of cytokines in retinal inflammation, highlighting their importance in regulating the immune response following RD. In addition, oxidative stress, apoptotic mechanisms, and glia activation, particularly Müller cells and microglia, have been identified as crucial elements in the progression of retinal damage. In this sense, inflammation poses significant clinical challenges that require more effective therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, this review differs from previous literature by emphasizing the translational implications of inflammatory mechanisms in RD and by comparing experimental and clinical data. The management of RD should consider not only surgical aspects, but also modulation of the inflammatory response to improve visual outcomes and prevent long-term complications.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/7/442retinal detachmentneuroretinal inflammationproliferative vitreoretinopathycystic macular edemaoxidative stressretinal apoptosis
spellingShingle Pablo Redruello-Guerrero
María Gómez-Tomás
Tomás Rechi-Sierra
Laura Molinero-Sicilia
Nadia Galindo-Cabello
Ricardo Usategui-Martín
Salvador Pastor-Idoate
Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Management and Treatment of Retinal Detachment
Metabolites
retinal detachment
neuroretinal inflammation
proliferative vitreoretinopathy
cystic macular edema
oxidative stress
retinal apoptosis
title Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Management and Treatment of Retinal Detachment
title_full Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Management and Treatment of Retinal Detachment
title_fullStr Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Management and Treatment of Retinal Detachment
title_full_unstemmed Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Management and Treatment of Retinal Detachment
title_short Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Management and Treatment of Retinal Detachment
title_sort inflammatory mechanisms in the management and treatment of retinal detachment
topic retinal detachment
neuroretinal inflammation
proliferative vitreoretinopathy
cystic macular edema
oxidative stress
retinal apoptosis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/7/442
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