Some Approaches for Light and Color on the Surface of Mars

We analyzed the main colorimetric characteristics of lights on Mars’ surface from 3139 total spectral irradiances provided by the COMIMART model (J. Space Weather Space Clim. 5, A33, 2015), modifying the parameters of ‘solar zenith angle’ and ‘opacity’, related to the time of day and the amount of d...

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Main Authors: Manuel Melgosa, Javier Hernández-Andrés, Manuel Sánchez-Marañón, Javier Cuadros, Álvaro Vicente-Retortillo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10812
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author Manuel Melgosa
Javier Hernández-Andrés
Manuel Sánchez-Marañón
Javier Cuadros
Álvaro Vicente-Retortillo
author_facet Manuel Melgosa
Javier Hernández-Andrés
Manuel Sánchez-Marañón
Javier Cuadros
Álvaro Vicente-Retortillo
author_sort Manuel Melgosa
collection DOAJ
description We analyzed the main colorimetric characteristics of lights on Mars’ surface from 3139 total spectral irradiances provided by the COMIMART model (J. Space Weather Space Clim. 5, A33, 2015), modifying the parameters of ‘solar zenith angle’ and ‘opacity’, related to the time of day and the amount of dust in the atmosphere of Mars, respectively. Lights on Mars’ surface have chromaticities that are mainly located below the Planckian locus, correlated color temperature in the range of 2333 K–5868 K, and CIE 2017 color fidelity indices above 93. For the 24 samples in the X-Rite ColorChecker<sup>®</sup> and an extreme dust opacity change from 0.1 to 8.1 in the atmosphere, the average color inconstancy generated by the change in Mars’ light using the chromatic adaptation transform CIECAT16 was about 5 and 8 CIELAB units for solar zenith angles of 0° and 72°, respectively. We propose a method to compute total spectral irradiances on the surface of Mars from a selected value of correlated color temperature in the range of 2333 K–5868 K. This method is analogous to the one currently adopted by the International Commission on Illumination to compute daylight illuminants on the surface of Earth (CIE 015:2018, clause 4.1.2). The average accuracy of 3139 reconstructed total spectral irradiances using the proposed method was 0.9999558 using GFC (J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 1007–1014, 1997) and 0.0009 Δ<i>E</i><sub>u<sup>′</sup>v<sup>′</sup></sub> units, a value just below noticeable chromaticity differences perceptible by human observers at 50% probability. Total spectral irradiances proposed by Barnes for five correlated temperatures agreed with those obtained from the current proposed method: on the average, GFC = 0.9979521 and 0.0023 Δ<i>E</i><sub><sup>′</sup>v<sup>′</sup></sub> units.
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spelling doaj-art-02d65f76d6814db88a515422c2dae03d2024-12-13T16:21:49ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-11-0114231081210.3390/app142310812Some Approaches for Light and Color on the Surface of MarsManuel Melgosa0Javier Hernández-Andrés1Manuel Sánchez-Marañón2Javier Cuadros3Álvaro Vicente-Retortillo4Research Group FQM381 of the Andalusian Regional Government, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainNatural History Museum, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UKAstrobiology Center, National Research Council-National Institute of Aerospace Technology, 28850 Madrid, SpainWe analyzed the main colorimetric characteristics of lights on Mars’ surface from 3139 total spectral irradiances provided by the COMIMART model (J. Space Weather Space Clim. 5, A33, 2015), modifying the parameters of ‘solar zenith angle’ and ‘opacity’, related to the time of day and the amount of dust in the atmosphere of Mars, respectively. Lights on Mars’ surface have chromaticities that are mainly located below the Planckian locus, correlated color temperature in the range of 2333 K–5868 K, and CIE 2017 color fidelity indices above 93. For the 24 samples in the X-Rite ColorChecker<sup>®</sup> and an extreme dust opacity change from 0.1 to 8.1 in the atmosphere, the average color inconstancy generated by the change in Mars’ light using the chromatic adaptation transform CIECAT16 was about 5 and 8 CIELAB units for solar zenith angles of 0° and 72°, respectively. We propose a method to compute total spectral irradiances on the surface of Mars from a selected value of correlated color temperature in the range of 2333 K–5868 K. This method is analogous to the one currently adopted by the International Commission on Illumination to compute daylight illuminants on the surface of Earth (CIE 015:2018, clause 4.1.2). The average accuracy of 3139 reconstructed total spectral irradiances using the proposed method was 0.9999558 using GFC (J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 1007–1014, 1997) and 0.0009 Δ<i>E</i><sub>u<sup>′</sup>v<sup>′</sup></sub> units, a value just below noticeable chromaticity differences perceptible by human observers at 50% probability. Total spectral irradiances proposed by Barnes for five correlated temperatures agreed with those obtained from the current proposed method: on the average, GFC = 0.9979521 and 0.0023 Δ<i>E</i><sub><sup>′</sup>v<sup>′</sup></sub> units.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10812colorimetrysol-lightdaylightcorrelated color temperaturecolor inconstancyMars
spellingShingle Manuel Melgosa
Javier Hernández-Andrés
Manuel Sánchez-Marañón
Javier Cuadros
Álvaro Vicente-Retortillo
Some Approaches for Light and Color on the Surface of Mars
Applied Sciences
colorimetry
sol-light
daylight
correlated color temperature
color inconstancy
Mars
title Some Approaches for Light and Color on the Surface of Mars
title_full Some Approaches for Light and Color on the Surface of Mars
title_fullStr Some Approaches for Light and Color on the Surface of Mars
title_full_unstemmed Some Approaches for Light and Color on the Surface of Mars
title_short Some Approaches for Light and Color on the Surface of Mars
title_sort some approaches for light and color on the surface of mars
topic colorimetry
sol-light
daylight
correlated color temperature
color inconstancy
Mars
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10812
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