The relationship among stress-wave-based wood stiffness and growth traits revealed by planting density trial with multiple genotypes in Cryptomeria japonica

Abstract Understanding the genetic and environmental factors influencing wood stiffness is essential for improving wood quality in plantation forestry. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental variation in wood stiffness, measured as stress-wave-based modulus of elas...

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Main Authors: Eitaro Fukatsu, Yuji Kurahara, Manabu Kurita, Koji Matsunaga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Wood Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-025-02220-1
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author Eitaro Fukatsu
Yuji Kurahara
Manabu Kurita
Koji Matsunaga
author_facet Eitaro Fukatsu
Yuji Kurahara
Manabu Kurita
Koji Matsunaga
author_sort Eitaro Fukatsu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Understanding the genetic and environmental factors influencing wood stiffness is essential for improving wood quality in plantation forestry. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental variation in wood stiffness, measured as stress-wave-based modulus of elasticity (swMOE), in Cryptomeria japonica. Six genotypes were planted at three planting densities (7000, 3000, and 1700 trees/ha) in a field trial, and growth traits such as tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and bole height were measured at stand age 40. Using linear mixed models, we estimated variance components, broad-sense heritabilities, and correlations between swMOE and growth traits. We compared linear mixed models incorporating growth traits as covariates and examined their predictive accuracy for swMOE. Our results showed that swMOE was under relatively strong genetic control and was less influenced by planting density compared to growth traits. Among the growth traits tested, form ratio (tree height to diameter) exhibited the strongest positive correlation with swMOE at the phenotypic, genetic, and residual levels. Including form ratio as a covariate improved model fit and increased prediction accuracy across replications. These findings suggest that form ratio is both a biologically meaningful and practically useful trait for explaining and predicting wood stiffness of C. japonica. This approach has potential applications in genetic selection and wood property prediction in operational breeding and forest management.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1611-4663
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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series Journal of Wood Science
spelling doaj-art-01b49b5c2eaf4a5c81530d825fd79ad62025-08-20T03:45:48ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Wood Science1611-46632025-08-0171111410.1186/s10086-025-02220-1The relationship among stress-wave-based wood stiffness and growth traits revealed by planting density trial with multiple genotypes in Cryptomeria japonicaEitaro Fukatsu0Yuji Kurahara1Manabu Kurita2Koji Matsunaga3Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteKyushu Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteForest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteKyushu Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteAbstract Understanding the genetic and environmental factors influencing wood stiffness is essential for improving wood quality in plantation forestry. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental variation in wood stiffness, measured as stress-wave-based modulus of elasticity (swMOE), in Cryptomeria japonica. Six genotypes were planted at three planting densities (7000, 3000, and 1700 trees/ha) in a field trial, and growth traits such as tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and bole height were measured at stand age 40. Using linear mixed models, we estimated variance components, broad-sense heritabilities, and correlations between swMOE and growth traits. We compared linear mixed models incorporating growth traits as covariates and examined their predictive accuracy for swMOE. Our results showed that swMOE was under relatively strong genetic control and was less influenced by planting density compared to growth traits. Among the growth traits tested, form ratio (tree height to diameter) exhibited the strongest positive correlation with swMOE at the phenotypic, genetic, and residual levels. Including form ratio as a covariate improved model fit and increased prediction accuracy across replications. These findings suggest that form ratio is both a biologically meaningful and practically useful trait for explaining and predicting wood stiffness of C. japonica. This approach has potential applications in genetic selection and wood property prediction in operational breeding and forest management.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-025-02220-1Cryptomeria japonicaStem stiffnessStress wave velocityPlanting density
spellingShingle Eitaro Fukatsu
Yuji Kurahara
Manabu Kurita
Koji Matsunaga
The relationship among stress-wave-based wood stiffness and growth traits revealed by planting density trial with multiple genotypes in Cryptomeria japonica
Journal of Wood Science
Cryptomeria japonica
Stem stiffness
Stress wave velocity
Planting density
title The relationship among stress-wave-based wood stiffness and growth traits revealed by planting density trial with multiple genotypes in Cryptomeria japonica
title_full The relationship among stress-wave-based wood stiffness and growth traits revealed by planting density trial with multiple genotypes in Cryptomeria japonica
title_fullStr The relationship among stress-wave-based wood stiffness and growth traits revealed by planting density trial with multiple genotypes in Cryptomeria japonica
title_full_unstemmed The relationship among stress-wave-based wood stiffness and growth traits revealed by planting density trial with multiple genotypes in Cryptomeria japonica
title_short The relationship among stress-wave-based wood stiffness and growth traits revealed by planting density trial with multiple genotypes in Cryptomeria japonica
title_sort relationship among stress wave based wood stiffness and growth traits revealed by planting density trial with multiple genotypes in cryptomeria japonica
topic Cryptomeria japonica
Stem stiffness
Stress wave velocity
Planting density
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-025-02220-1
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